2005 Archives
2005 Archives:
Inflammation and Oxidative Stress
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Correlation of exercise capacity with high-sensitive C-reactive protein in patients with stable coronary artery disease. (Am Heart J. 2005) "BACKGROUND: There is growing evidence for the association between physical activity and systemic inflammatory markers in healthy individuals and populations with a low prevalence of coronary artery disease (CAD). However, the association between fitness and CRP in patients with stable CAD treated with medications known to influence the inflammatory response, such as statins and aspirin, is not well known. … CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that exercise capacity is inversely correlated with CRP level in patients with known stable CAD irrespective of extent of CAD and standard medication for secondary prevention."
C-Reactive Protein, Interleukin-6, and Soluble Adhesion Molecules as Predictors of Progressive Peripheral Atherosclerosis in the General Population. Edinburgh Artery Study (Circulation. 2005) "Conclusions: These findings suggest that CRP, IL-6, and ICAM-1 are molecular markers associated with atherosclerosis and its progression. IL-6 showed more consistent results and stronger independent predictive value than other inflammatory markers."
C-reactive Protein: How Can We Use It in Clinical Practice? "Improvements in both short- and long-term prediction of risk are necessary to provide optimal treatment to patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS). … evaluation of CRP levels should be made at the time of admission in patients with ACS. Then, the CRP level should be included in the evaluation of the patient risk profile, including clinical data, associated diseases, markers of myocardial necrosis (especially troponin levels), left ventricular performance, and age. … Although different cutoff levels have been used in CRP studies, in the setting of ACS, data consistently identify a cutoff level of 10 mg/l or higher as a marker of highest risk for death and possibly reinfarction in ACS, whereas a cutoff of 3 mg/l identifies a group of patients at intermediate risk and a higher rate of recurrent events, suggesting the need for more aggressive risk reduction. As for patients with stable disease, a cutoff of 3 mg/l (hsCRP) is indicated (optimally <1 mg/l). … in patients with CAD, establishing a patient’s CRP can be useful to assess risk and to reinforce the need for the patient to reduce their CVD risk, using common lifestyle interventions. 'We have clear evidence that CRP can go down with exercise and with diet,' ... Patient should be followed to see if diet and exercise are lowering CRP; if not, prophylactic treatment with statins, aspirin, or angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors may be helpful."
Does eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection help normalize serum lipid and CRP levels? (Dig Dis Sci. 2005) "We conclude that H. pylori infection may affect lipid metabolism in a way that could increase the risk of atherosclerosis. Thus H. pylori infection is an independent risk factor for coronary artery disease."
Physical activity and modulation of systemic low-level inflammation. (J Leukoc Biol. 2005) "It has been recognized for some time that cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes are, to a major extent, inflammatory disorders associated with an environment characterized by a sedentary lifestyle together with abundant intakes of calories. Systemic low-level inflammation is suggested to be a cause as well as consequence of pathological processes … It is hypothesized that physical inactivity contributes to an enhanced proinflammatory burden independently of obesity …"
Effect of exercise training on plasma levels of C-reactive protein in healthy adults: the HERITAGE Family Study. (Eur Heart J. 2005) "CONCLUSION: Plasma C-reactive protein levels reduced in response to exercise training in sedentary healthy adults with high initial C-reactive protein levels. This finding may partly explain the effectiveness of regular physical activity in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases."
Oxidative stress-induced DNA damage by particulate air pollution. (Mutat Res. 2005) "Exposure to ambient air particulate matter (PM) is associated with pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases and cancer. The mechanisms of PM-induced health effects are believed to involve inflammation and oxidative stress. … Oxidative stress-induced DNA damage appears to an important mechanism of action of urban particulate air pollution."
The effects of physical activity on serum C-reactive protein and inflammatory markers: a systematic review. (J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005) "Exercise produces a short-term, inflammatory response, whereas both cross-sectional comparisons and longitudinal exercise training studies demonstrate a long-term "anti-inflammatory" effect. This anti-inflammatory response may contribute to the beneficial effects of habitual physical activity.
C-reactive protein in peripheral arterial disease: Relation to severity of the disease and to future cardiovascular events. (J Vasc Surg. 2005) "CONCLUSIONS: Serum hsCRP was related to the severity of PAD, showing a relation to future hemodynamic function and cardiovascular events in PAD patients. In addition to coronary plaques, aneurysmal aortas, and failed venous coronary bypasses, femoral plaques also produce CRP, thus illustrating that the production of CRP may represent a universal response to vascular injury and suggesting that vascular CRP may contribute to plaque development."
C-reactive protein in 2005. Interview by Peter C. Block. (J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005) "while conventional risk factors remain an important means of predicting who is at risk of developing coronary heart disease (CHD), it's unwise to rely on conventional risk factors alone for estimating patient risk. A 2003 evaluation of 122,458 patients enrolled in 14 international trials was meant to underscore that conventional risk factors are still important, yet one in five men with CHD in these trials (n=87,869) had none of the four conventional risk factors analyzed: smoking, hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia. … It should be noted that in the large review of international trials mentioned above, only 34.1% of men with CHD had hyperlipidemia. If the lipid hypothesis of atherosclerosis is still correct, why do so few CHD patients have hyperlipidemia and why are so many events still occurring in patients on statin therapy?"
Inflammation causes tissue-specific depletion of vitamin B6 (Arthritis Research & Therapy 2005) "Vitamin B6 deficiency results in adverse health consequences, including hyperhomocysteinemia [1] and possibly arteriosclerotic lesions [2]. We have reported that the degree of disease activity is associated with vitamin B6 indices in patients with rheumatoid arthritis [3,4]. … Inflammation induced a tissue-specific depletion of vitamin B6. The low plasma pyridoxal 5'-phosphate levels seen in inflammation are unlikely to be due to insufficient intake or excessive vitamin B6 excretion. Possible causes of decreased levels of vitamin B6 are discussed."
Relation of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and fibrinogen to abdominal adipose tissue, blood pressure, and cholesterol and triglyceride levels in healthy postmenopausal women. (Am J Cardiol. 2005) "The associations of inflammatory markers (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein [hs-CRP], interleukin-6 [IL-6], tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and fibrinogen) with anthropometric and metabolic variables were examined in a sample of 112 postmenopausal women not receiving hormone therapy. … In conclusion, these results suggest that increased visceral adipose tissue levels appear to be a determinant covariable of the association between high hs-CRP concentrations and alteration in the metabolic profile."
C-Reactive Protein as a Predictor of Cardiovascular Risk in a Population With a High Prevalence of Diabetes (Circulation. 2005) "Background - High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP) has been investigated extensively as a marker for predicting the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). CVD accounts for a large proportion of mortality and morbidity in American Indians; we sought to test the association of CRP and CVD in a population-based American Indian cohort 45 to 74 years old. … Conclusion - CRP was a predictor of CVD in this American Indian population with a high prevalence of diabetes and other risk factors. The predictive ability of CRP varies considerably among subgroups with different risk factor profiles."
C-Reactive Protein and Cerebral Small-Vessel Disease. The Rotterdam Scan Study (Circulation 2005) "Background--Inflammatory processes are involved in the development and consequences of atherosclerosis. Whether these processes are also involved in cerebral small-vessel disease is unknown. … We assessed whether higher C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were related to white matter lesion and lacunar infarcts. … Conclusions--Inflammatory processes may be involved in the pathogenesis of cerebral small-vessel disease, in particular, the development of white matter lesions."
A proinflammatory state is associated with hyperhomocysteinemia in the elderly. (Am J Clin Nutr. 2005) "CONCLUSIONS: High circulating concentrations of IL-1ra and IL-6 are independent correlates of hyperhomocysteinemia and may explain, at least in part, the association between homocysteine and atherosclerosis."
C-reactive protein and cardiovascular disease: a critical appraisal. (Curr Opin Cardiol. 2005) "PURPOSE OF REVIEW: C-reactive protein, a nonspecific marker of inflammation, has recently been proposed both as a marker of low-grade inflammation involved in atherogenesis and as a predictor of disease progression. … SUMMARY: Despite a relatively strong epidemiologic association with future adverse cardiovascular events, the great majority of apparently healthy individuals with elevated C-reactive protein will not experience cardiovascular disease. … current knowledge is insufficient to implicate C-reactive protein as a causative factor in atherothrombosis or to enable the recommendation of C-reactive protein testing to guide preventive or therapeutic interventions in cardiovascular diseases."
Central obesity as a major determinant of increased high-sensitivity C-reactive protein in metabolic syndrome. (Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2005) ""INTRODUCTION:Traditional cardiovascular risk factors such as central obesity, high blood pressure and insulin resistance, all constituents of metabolic syndrome, have been associated with increased levels of C-reactive protein (CRP). Therefore, this marker of low-grade inflammation may play a major role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. … CONCLUSIONS:Present data show that increasing severity of metabolic syndrome is associated with increasing CRP. Additionally, we found that central obesity and high blood pressure are the most important determinants of the low-grade chronic inflammation present in metabolic syndrome."
Baseline levels of c-reactive protein and prediction of death from cardiovascular disease in patients with inflammatory polyarthritis : A ten-year followup study of a primary care-based inception cohort. (Arthritis Rheum. 2005) "OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that the C-reactive protein (CRP) concentration at baseline is an independent predictor of death from cardiovascular disease (CVD) in newly diagnosed patients with inflammatory polyarthritis (IP). … CONCLUSION: The CRP concentration at baseline is an important predictor of subsequent death from CVD in patients with new-onset IP and is independent of other indicators of disease severity. This supports the theory that CRP may play a direct role in the pathogenesis of CVD."
Associations of leisure time physical activity, self-rated physical fitness, and estimated aerobic fitness with serum C-reactive protein among 3803 adults. (Atherosclerosis. 2005) ”OBJECTIVE:: Serum C-reactive protein (CRP), a marker of systemic inflammation, is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Obesity and physical activity are associated with CRP, though population studies are sparse. … CONCLUSIONS:: Physical activity and fitness may have an anti-inflammatory effect, which is independent of obesity."
Molecular mechanisms of vascular adaptations to exercise. Physical activity as an effective antioxidant therapy? (Cardiovasc Res. 2005) "... exercise training can be viewed as an effective antioxidant and antiatherogenic therapy."
Fish Consumption Among Healthy Adults Is Associated With Decreased Levels of Inflammatory Markers Related to Cardiovascular Disease (J Am Coll Cardiol, 2005) "CONCLUSIONS: Fish consumption was independently associated with lower inflammatory markers levels, among healthy adults."
High-grade C-Reactive Protein Elevation Correlates with Accelerated Atherogenesis in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis. (J Rheumatol. 2005) "Some investigators have suggested that the development of atherosclerosis in RA may be related to the magnitude and chronicity of the systemic inflammation. We examined the relationship between carotid IMT to C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), which are the most commonly assessed markers of inflammatory response in patients with RA. … CONCLUSION: Our study confirms that the magnitude and chronicity of the inflammatory response measured by CRP correlates directly with the presence of atherosclerosis in patients with RA."
Urinary tract infection in patients with acute coronary syndrome: a potential systemic inflammatory connection. (Am Heart J. 2005) "BACKGROUND: Inflammation has been linked with atherosclerotic disease development and instability. Contributors to systemic inflammation, such as subclinical infection, may trigger acute coronary syndromes (ACSs). … CONCLUSIONS: Subclinical UTI is common among patients with ACS. Underlying infection may precipitate ACS via activation of systemic inflammation. This hypothesis should be explored in other data sets, and similar relationships with other bacterial and viral infections should be examined."
Atherosclerosis in Patients With Autoimmune Disorders. (Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005) "Recent findings indicate that presence of activated immune competent cells and inflammation are typical of atherosclerosis, the main cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The risk of CVD is very high in a prototypic autoimmune disease, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and is also raised in other autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. … Premature atherosclerosis is likely to be a major underlying mechanism, although distinctive features, if any, of autoimmunity-related atherosclerosis compared with "normal" atherosclerosis are not clear."
Prostate carcinogenesis and inflammation: emerging insights. (Carcinogenesis. 2005) "… a link between chronic inflammation and prostate cancer. In support of this hypothesis, population studies have found an increased relative risk of prostate cancer in men with a prior history of certain sexually transmitted infections or prostatitis."
Molecular mechanisms of aging-associated inflammation. (Cancer Lett. 2005) "A direct relationship exists between aging and increasing incidences of chronic diseases. In fact, with most age-associated diseases individuals manifest an underlying chronic inflammatory state as evidenced by local infiltration of inflammatory cells, such as macrophages, and higher circulatory levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, complement components and adhesion molecules. Consequently, treatment with anti-inflammatory agents provide symptomatic relief to several aging-associated diseases …"
Pathophysiology of Coronary Artery Disease (Circulation. 2005) ”Previously considered a cholesterol storage disease, we currently view atherosclerosis as an inflammatory disorder. … Recent results have established the multiplicity of "high-risk" plaques and the widespread nature of inflammation in patients prone to develop ACS. These findings challenge our traditional view of coronary atherosclerosis as a segmental or localized disease. … The concept of "interventional cardiology" must expand beyond mechanical revascularization to embrace preventive interventions that forestall future events."
Inflammation andCarotid Artery--Risk for Atherosclerosis Study (ICARAS). (Circulation. 2005) "These findings supply evidence for a close temporal correlation between inflammation and morphological features of rapidly progressive carotid atherosclerosis."
CRP in 2005 (Cardiosource 2005) "More than just a marker, a growing body of evidence suggests that CRP plays a direct role in atherothrombosis…"
Inflammation, stress, and diabetes. (J Clin Invest. 2005) " … in addition to diabetes and cardiovascular disease, inflammation is also known to be important for linking obesity to airway inflammation and asthma, fatty liver disease, and possibly cancer and other pathologies. Understanding the mechanisms leading from obesity to inflammation will have important implications for the design of novel therapies to reduce the morbidity and mortality of obesity through the prevention of its associated chronic inflammatory disorders."
Relation of C-reactive protein to stroke, cognitive disorders, and depression in the general population: systematic review and meta-analysis. (Lancet Neurol. 2005) "We conclude that high concentrations of CRP are associated with increased risk of stroke and cognitive impairment."
Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Treatment in Hypertension and the Associated Renal Damage. (Am J Nephrol. 2005) "In conclusion, in both human and experimental salt-sensitive hypertension, superoxide production and renal damage are increased, antioxidant capacity is decreased, and antioxidant therapy can be helpful."
CRP Helps Define Heart Risk in Elderly "A blood test adds information to conventional risk assessment in defining an elderly person's risk of heart attack in the next 10 years … Researchers found that an elevated level of C-reactive protein (CRP) -- a blood-marker for inflammation -- is an independent risk factor for the development of heart disease in the elderly."
Oxidative Damage in the Kidney Induced by 900-MHz-Emitted Mobile Phone: Protection by Melatonin. (Arch Med Res. 2005) "The aim of this study was to examine 900-MHz mobile phone-induced oxidative stress that promotes production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) on renal tubular damage and the role of melatonin on kidney tissue against possible oxidative damage in rats."
A perspective on the potential cardioprotective benefits of periodontal therapy. (Am Heart J. 2005) "Although obesity, oxidized lipids, and other factors are known to contribute to cardiovascular inflammation, the role of infection is believed to serve as a critical inflammatory stimulus that contributes to both atherogenesis and acute events via plaque destabilization. This inflammatory process can involve the vasculature directly by interaction of the organisms or bacterial by-products with the vessel wall or …"
Relationship of Monocyte Count and Peripheral Arterial Disease. Results From the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2002. (Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005) "CONCLUSIONS: Monocytes were the only WBC type significantly and independently associated with PAD in a representative sample of the U.S. population after adjustment for other inflammatory markers. These findings reflect the potential role of circulating monocyte counts as markers of atherosclerosis."
C-reactive protein and atrial fibrillation: "Evidence for the presence of inflammation in the perpetuation of the arrhythmia" (Int J Cardiol. 2005) "BACKGROUND: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated to a high risk of systemic embolism. … CONCLUSIONS: There is evidence for the presence of inflammation in patients with non-valvular AF … The persistence of inflammation is associated with chronic AF at 1-year follow up."
Early carotid atherosclerosis in subjects with periodontal diseases. (Stroke. 2005) "CONCLUSIONS: The present results indicate that periodontal disease is associated with the development of early atherosclerotic carotid lesions."
Kidney in early atherosclerosis. (Hypertension. 2005) "Evidence indicates that increased oxidative stress and inflammation may mediate a large part of the effects of risk factors on the kidney. In turn, progressive deterioration of renal function in CKD may lead to dyslipidemia or accumulation of uremic toxins, which can induce production of free radicals and activate proinflammatory and fibrogenic factors, leading to vascular endothelial cell dysfunction and injury, and favoring development of atherosclerosis."
Dietary Magnesium and C-reactive Protein Levels. (J Am Coll Nutr. 2005) "CONCLUSIONS: Most Americans consume magnesium at levels below the RDA. Individuals with intakes below the RDA are more likely to have elevated CRP, which may contribute to cardiovascular disease risk."
Magnesium Intake, C-Reactive Protein, and the Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in Middle-Aged and Older U.S. Women. (Diabetes Care. 2005) "CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that magnesium intake is inversely associated with systemic inflammation and the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in middle-aged and older women."
Don't overlook impact of inflammation on BPH " … research has shown that prostate inflammation adversely impacts outcomes in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia …"
Inflammation, as measured by the erythrocyte sedimentation rate, is an independent predictor for the development of heart failure. (J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005) "OBJECTIVES: Our objective was to explore inflammation, measured as erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), as a predictor for the development of heart failure (HF). Our findings indicate that inflammation occurs early in the process leading to HF and that ESR could be used to evaluate this process."
[Acute respiratory-tract infections and acute cardiovascular events] (Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd. 2005) "Acute infections have been linked to a transient increased risk of unstable angina pectoris and an acute myocardial infarct. The consequence of acute infections is a systemic inflammatory response which results in changes in the atherosclerotic plaque, thrombotic activation and a prothrombotic condition."
Adipose tissue, adipokines, and inflammation. (J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2005) "Proinflammatory molecules produced by adipose tissue have been implicated as active participants in the development of insulin resistance and the increased risk of cardiovascular disease associated with obesity."
C-reactive protein and electrocardiographic ST-segment depression additively predict mortality: the Strong Heart Study. (J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005) "BACKGROUND: C-reactive protein, a marker of systemic inflammation, and ECG STD, an index of myocardial ischemia and hypertrophy, independently predict mortality."
Active smoking and a history of smoking are associated with enhanced prostaglandin F(2alpha), interleukin-6 and F(2)-isoprostane formation in elderly men. (Atherosclerosis. 2005) "Subclinical COX- and cytokine-mediated inflammation and oxidative stress are ongoing processes not only in active smokers but also in former smokers which may contribute to the accelerated atherosclerosis associated with smoking."
Oxidative stress and inflammation in Parkinson's disease: is there a causal link? (Exp Neurol. 2005) " …non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been shown to reduce the risk of developing PD. In the past few years, various pathways have come to light that could link dopamine-dependent oxidative stress and microglial activation, finally ascribing a pathogenic trigger to the chronic inflammatory response characteristic of PD."
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