2007 Archives
2007 Archives:
Inflammation and Oxidative Stress
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Chlamydia pneumoniae accompanied by inflammation is associated with the progression of atherosclerosis in CAPD patients: a prospective study for 3 years. (Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2007) "This study strengthens evidence that Cp is involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and also suggests that the effect of Cp infection under high inflammatory status might be a risk factor for progression of atherosclerosis."
[Inflammatory biomarkers: the link between obesity and associated pathologies] (Nutr Hosp. 2007)
Inflammatory markers and the risk of Alzheimer disease (NEUROLOGY 2007) "These data strengthen the evidence for a pathophysiologic role of inflammation in the development of clinical AD."
Obesity and inflammation: a new look at an old problem. (Curr Atheroscler Rep. 2007) "The concept that obesity represents an inflammatory state has gained credence over the past decade and has provided insights into the mechanisms of atherosclerosis and risk factor interaction."
The effects of 40 hours of total sleep deprivation on inflammatory markers in healthy young adults (Brain, Behavior, and Immunity 2007) "These findings suggest that one night of sleep loss triggers a stress response that includes stimulation of both pro- and anti-inflammatory proteins in the healthy young subjects tested under our experimental conditions."
The potential anti-inflammatory benefits of improving physical fitness in hypertension. (J Hypertens. 2007) "Hypertension is associated with an increased risk of stroke and atherosclerosis. In addition to elevated blood pressure, hypertension is characterized by neuroendocrine and immune activation, including elevated levels of C-reactive protein, inflammatory cytokines, and soluble adhesion molecules, which are predictive of morbidity and mortality outcomes. Pharmacological treatment for hypertension reduces blood pressure, but has limited effectiveness in reducing the accompanying inflammation and its associated morbidity and mortality. … Here, exercise is promoted as a potentially effective treatment for both the elevated blood pressure and chronic inflammation found in hypertension."
The role of inflammation and infection in the pathogenesis of prostate carcinoma. (BJU Int. 2007) "Summarising these epidemiological, genetic and cell biological aspects, infectious prostatitis might have a causative role in the complex and multifactorial process of prostate carcinogenesis."
7 simple steps to fend off harmful inflammation "Chronic low-grade inflammation is intimately involved in all stages of atherosclerosis, the process that leads to cholesterol-clogged arteries. This means that inflammation sets the stage for heart attacks, most strokes, peripheral artery disease, and even vascular dementia, a common cause of memory loss."
Association between C-reactive protein level and peripheral arterial disease among US adults without cardiovascular disease, diabetes, or hypertension. (Am Heart J. 2007) "CONCLUSIONS: Higher CRP levels are associated with PAD among US adults free of CVD, diabetes, and hypertension. These results suggest that inflammatory mechanisms related to atherosclerosis may be operative even among clinically healthy adults."
Inflammatory mechanisms of diabetic complications. (Curr Diab Rep. 2007) "Activation of inflammatory processes may contribute to the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. In addition, inflammation appears to be a major mechanism responsible for vascular damage leading to the clinically well-recognized complications of diabetes. Inflammatory cytokine and chemokine mediators released from visceral fat contribute to atherosclerotic plaque formation and increased risk for myocardial infarction and stroke."
Nutritional intervention in brain aging: reducing the effects of inflammation and oxidative stress. (Subcell Biochem. 2007) "Epidemiological studies have shown that consumption of diets rich in antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents, such as those found in fruits and vegetables, may lower the risk of developing age-related neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. Research from our laboratory suggests that dietary supplementation with fruit or vegetable extracts can decrease the age-enhanced vulnerability to oxidative stress and inflammation. Additional research suggests that the polyphenolic compounds found in fruits such as blueberries may exert their beneficial effects through signal transduction and neuronal communication. Thus, nutritional intervention may exert therapeutic protection against age-related deficits and neurodegenerative diseases."
C-reactive protein is associated with heart rate variability. (Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol. 2007) "Conclusion: C-reactive protein and heart rate variability are independently associated. This may support a link between low-grade inflammation and autonomic dysfunction."
Fish Oil May Help Keep Inflammation at Bay "Eating fish oil, rather than vegetable oil, is a better means of managing the amount of inflammatory chemicals called prostanoids in the body, researchers report.…"
Inflammation and Chronic Prostatic Diseases: Evidence for a Link? (Eur Urol. 2007) "RESULTS: On histologic examinations from patients with BPH, inflammatory aspects are present in approximately 40% of cases. The men with inflammatory aspects inside the prostate have a significantly higher risk for BPH progression and acute urinary retention. Evidence shows that a cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor can increase the apoptotic activity in human BPH tissue. Analyses on the bacterial colonization in PCa and normal prostate tissue showed a highly suggestive correlation between bacterial colonization/chronic inflammation and the diagnosis of PCa. Evidence from genetic studies supports the hypothesis that prostate inflammation may be a cause of PCa development."
Inflammation and schizophrenia. (Expert Rev Neurother. 2007)
The Power of Potent Fish Oils "The reason so many medical conditions seem to be controlled or prevented by fish oil, Sears said, is tied to a single underlying cause: inflammation. Inflammation exists not only at the core of heart disease, but also neurological conditions, several pain syndromes, retinal disorders and even some forms of cancer."
Rheumatoid Factor may be an Independent Risk Factor for Ischaemic Heart Disease. (Heart. 2007) "OBJECTIVE: Individuals with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have an increased prevalence of ischaemic heart disease (IHD). This is most likely in those with the autoantibody rheumatoid factor (RF). Rheumatoid factor (RF) is strongly associated with RA but is also present in up to 15% of adults. We hypothesised that RF might identify individuals in a general population who also share an increased likelihood of developing IHD. … CONCLUSION: This work suggests that RF is an independent risk factor for IHD in the general population. It lends support to the importance of inflammation in atherosclerosis and suggests that autoimmune processes may be involved. In addition, it raises the intriguing possibility that RF may have a direct role in the pathogenesis of IHD in some individuals."
Study Links Inflammation to Heart Disease "The study authors said their findings add to growing evidence that inflammation is implicated in atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries) and suggest that auto-immune processes -- and rheumatoid factor in particular -- may play a role in the disease process itself."
Low-Grade Inflammation Is a Risk Factor for Clinical Stroke Events in Addition to Silent Cerebral Infarcts in Japanese Older Hypertensives: The Jichi Medical School ABPM Study, Wave 1 (Stroke. 2007) "Conclusion— High-sensitivity C-reactive protein is a risk factor for clinical stroke events in addition to silent cerebral infarcts in Japanese older hypertensives, indicating that the risk for clinical stroke events increases with preexisting hypertensive target organ damage in the brain and additionally with ongoing low-grade inflammation."
Diets With High Omega-6:Omega-3 Ratios Enhance Risk for Depression, Inflammatory Disease "In a recent small study, older adults who had diets high in omega-6 fatty acids and low in omega-3 fatty acids had high levels of proinflammatory cytokines; this was especially true when they had coexisting depressive symptoms. … The group writes that in addition, the fatty acid composition of the Western diet changed "dramatically" after 1913, when refined vegetable oil, a major source of omega-6 fatty acids, entered the diet (in the form of margarine, etc), and there was also a decrease in the consumption of foods high in omega-3 fatty acid such as fish, wild game, nuts, seeds, and green, leafy vegetables. Whereas the early hunter-gatherers had a dietary omega-6:omega-3 ratio of 2:1 to 3:1, this ratio is now 15:1 to 17:1 in North America today. It is believed that these dietary changes might be related to increases in inflammatory-related diseases, including depression and cardiovascular disease, the group writes."
The effects of second-hand smoke on biological processes important in atherogenesis. (BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2007) " CONCLUSIONS: Long-term exposure to second-hand smoke creates a state of permanent inflammation and an imbalance in the lipid profile that leads to lipid accumulation in the liver and in the blood vessels of the heart and aorta. The former potentially can lead to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and the latter to heart attacks."
White blood cell count and mortality in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. (J Am Coll Cardiol. 2007) "BACKGROUND: The WBC count is a clinical marker of inflammation and a strong predictor of mortality. … Higher WBC counts are associated with higher mortality in successive cohorts."
Antioxidant intake and cognitive function of elderly men and women: the cache county study. (J Nutr Health Aging. 2007) "Study participants with lower levels of intake of vitamin C, vitamin E and carotene had a greater acceleration of the rate of 3MS decline over time compared to those with higher levels of intake. Conclusion: High antioxidant intake from food and supplement sources of vitamin C, vitamin E, and carotene may delay cognitive decline in the elderly."
Atherosclerosis in diabetes mellitus: Role of inflammation. (Indian J Med Sci. 2007) "Inflammation plays a central role in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis, starting from initiation, through progression and ultimately the thrombotic complications of atherosclerosis. Diabetes mellitus is a major risk factor for atherosclerosis."
Cognitive Decline and Markers of Inflammation and Hemostasis: The Edinburgh Artery Study (Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 2007) "CONCLUSION: Systemic markers of inflammation and hemostasis are associated with a progressive decline in general and specific cognitive abilities in older people, independent of major vascular comorbidity."
High-Fiber Diets, Fiber Supplements Reduce CRP Levels "Current evidence supports that higher levels of inflammatory markers, such as CRP, are associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular events. Elevation of CRP levels has specifically been linked to insulin resistance, hypertension, the development of diabetes mellitus, and metabolic syndrome. A proposed intervention to lower levels of inflammatory markers is a high-fiber diet."
Inflammatory biomarkers are associated with total brain volume (NEUROLOGY 2007) "Background: Systemic inflammation is associated with ischemia and Alzheimer disease (AD). We hypothesized that inflammatory biomarkers would be associated with neuroimaging markers of ischemia (i.e., white matter hyperintensities [WMH]) and AD (i.e., total brain volume [TCB])."
Systemic infections and inflammation affect chronic neurodegeneration. (Nat Rev Immunol. 2007) "Here we review evidence to support our hypothesis that in chronic neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, with an ongoing innate immune response in the brain, systemic infections and inflammation can cause acute exacerbations of symptoms and drive the progression of neurodegeneration."
Systemic Markers of Inflammation and Cognitive Decline in Old Age (Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 2007) "CONCLUSION: Systemic markers of inflammation are only moderately associated with cognitive function and decline and tend to be stronger in carriers of the APOE 4 allele. Systemic markers of inflammation are not suitable for risk stratification."
Neuronal Damage in Brain Inflammation (Arch Neurol. 2007)
Atherosclerosis and inflammation: insights from rheumatoid arthritis. (Clin Rheumatol. 2007) "Cardiovascular disease is a major health care problem and the most common cause of death among individuals from developed nations. Our understanding of atherosclerosis has evolved from a passive process resulting in narrowing of the lumen and consequent myocardial ischemia to a dynamic process that involves inflammation."
Heart rate and microinflammation in men: a relevant atherothrombotic link (Heart 2007) "Objective To explore the possibility that increased resting heart rate is associated with a microinflammatory response. Such an association could explain, at least in part, the recently described worse cardiovascular prognosis in individuals with increased heart rate. … Conclusions Resting heart rate is associated with a microinflammatory response in apparently healthy men and those with atherothrombotic risk factors. Sympathetic activation might be a common denominator that explains such an association. If confirmed in additional studies, this association might be a relevant target for therapeutic manipulations."
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