ADD - ADHD

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ADD - ADHD

NIH - Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

"According to the most recent version of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders2 (DSM-IV-TR), there are three patterns of behavior that indicate ADHD. People with ADHD may show several signs of being consistently inattentive. They may have a pattern of being hyperactive and impulsive far more than others of their age. Or they may show all three types of behavior. This means that there are three subtypes of ADHD recognized by professionals. These are the predominantly hyperactive-impulsive type (that does not show significant inattention); the predominantly inattentive type (that does not show significant hyperactive-impulsive behavior) sometimes called ADD—an outdated term for this entire disorder; and the combined type (that displays both inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive symptoms)."

Highlighted Article

Supplementation with flax oil and vitamin C improves the outcome of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). (Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 2006)

"Supplementation with flax oil and vitamin C improves the outcome of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). (Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 2006) "This pilot study evaluates the effect of alpha linolenic acid (ALA)-rich nutritional supplementation in the form of flax oil and antioxidant emulsion on blood fatty acids composition and behavior in children with ADHD. Post-supplementation levels of RBC membrane fatty acids were significantly higher than pretreatment levels as well as the levels in control. There was significant improvement in the symptoms of ADHD reflected by reduction in total hyperactivity scores of ADHD children derived from ADHD rating scale."

Attention Deficit Disorder and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Adult

NEWS:

Adult ADHD criteria may need revising " 'When diagnosing ADHD in adults,' lead investigator Dr. Stephen V. Faraone told Reuters Health, 'the current requirement that the disorder begin prior to age 7 is too stringent. The next revision of the diagnostic manual should consider raising this age-at-onset requirement.' "

ARTICLES:

JOURNAL ARTICLES:

[Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults: a clinical and therapeutic characterisation.] (Rev Neurol. 2006)

Cortical Thinning of the Attention and Executive Function Networks in Adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. (Cereb Cortex. 2006) "This is the first documentation that ADHD in adults is associated with thinner cortex in the cortical networks that modulate attention and EF."

Diagnosing adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: are late onset and subthreshold diagnoses valid? (Am J Psychiatry. 2006)

Differential diagnosis and treatment of adult ADHD and neighboring disorders. (CNS Spectr. 2006)

Dorsolateral Prefrontal and Anterior Cingulate Cortex Volumetric Abnormalities in Adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Identified by Magnetic Resonance Imaging. (Biol Psychiatry. 2006) "CONCLUSIONS: Adults with ADHD have volume differences in brain regions in areas involved in attention and executive control. These data, largely consistent with studies of children, support the idea that adults with ADHD have a valid disorder with persistent biological features."

[Executive dysfunctions in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.] (Rev Neurol. 2006) "CONCLUSIONS. The findings we have available at present enable us to confirm the persistence of executive dysfunctions in adult patients with ADHD that are similar to those observed in children with ADHD."

Hyperactive children as young adults: Driving abilities, safe driving behavior, and adverse driving outcomes. (Accid Anal Prev. 2006)

Impact of psychometrically defined deficits of executive functioning in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. (Am J Psychiatry. 2006) "RESULTS: Significantly more adults with ADHD had deficits of executive functioning than comparison subjects. Deficits of executive functioning were associated with lower academic achievement, irrespective of ADHD status. Subjects with ADHD with deficits of executive functioning had a significantly lower socioeconomic status and a significant functional morbidity beyond the diagnosis of ADHD alone."

Methylphenidate-induced improvements of various measures of attention in adults with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. (J Neural Transm. 2006) "The present findings indicate that adults with ADHD are not differentially impaired in attentional processes but may suffer from a more global deficit of attention. Although MPH treatment has been found to be effective in the treatment of the attention deficit of adults with ADHD, additional treatment appears to be necessary."

Neuropsychological Studies of Late Onset and Subthreshold Diagnoses of Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. (Biol Psychiatry. 2006)

The role of comorbid major depressive disorder in the clinical presentation of adult ADHD. (J Psychiatr Res. 2006)

Sleep and sleep disorders in adults with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (Sleep Medicine Reviews 2006)

Sleep quality in adult patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). (Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2006) "It seems important to screen adult patients with ADHD for the presence of sleep disorders, especially insomnia, restless legs syndrome, and sleep-related breathing disorders (the last in conjunction with the body mass index). Since primary sleep disorders are associated with cognitive impairment, one might expect that ADHD symptomatology may improve if comorbid sleep disorders are adequately treated in addition to the specific ADHD treatment."

Working memory deficits in adults with ADHD: Is there evidence for subtype differences? (Behav Brain Funct. 2006) "ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Working memory performance is important for maintaining functioning in cognitive, academic and social activities. Previous research suggests there are prevalent working memory deficits in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). There is now a growing body of literature characterizing working memory functioning according to ADHD subtypes in children. … CONCLUSIONS: In general, the data support a dimensional interpretation of working memory deficits experienced by the ADHD-CT and ADHD-IA subtypes, rather than an absolute difference between subtypes. Future studies should test the effects of processing speed and load on subtype performance and how those variables interact with gender in adults with ADHD."

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