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Aging - Anti-Aging
Anti-Aging
NEWS:
Active adults stay active in golden years " 'Our study shows that greater physical activity in your 30's, 40's, and 50's has beneficial effects well into the future by helping us maintain our ability to walk and function at older ages,' study co-author Dr. Kushang V. Patel, of the National Institute on Aging in Bethesda, Maryland, told Reuters Health."
Any Level of Physical Activity Helps Prolong Life
As Minds Age, What’s Next? Brain Calisthenics "Certainly most brain-healthy recommendations are not considered bad for people. They do not have the potential risks of drugs or herbal supplements. And things like physical exercise and Omega-3 fatty acids help the body, even if they do not end up bettering the mind."
Balance training may help the elderly avoid falls "Although the ancient art of Tai Chi has been shown to lower older adults' risk of falls, exercises that specifically focus on improving balance and speed may be even better, a study suggests. Researchers found that among more than 200 elderly adults with balance problems, those who went through an exercise program called "combined balance and step training" (CBST) made greater gains in balance and mobility than those who took Tai Chi classes."
Caloric restriction appears to prevent primary aging in the heart
Calorie-Restricted Diet Curbs Normal Human Cardiovascular Aging "Adhering to a calorie-restricted diet over the long term ameliorates the normal age-related decline in diastolic function in healthy, non-obese adults, results of a new study indicate. The cardiac-specific beneficial effects of caloric restriction appear to be mediated by reductions in blood pressure, systemic inflammation, and myocardial fibrosis, the study team reports in the January 17th issue of the Journal of the American College of Cardiology."
Can We Fight Father Time or Do We Give in to the Laws of Mother Nature?
Cardiorespiratory fitness as a predictor of successful cognitive ageing. (J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 2006) "Fitness was a strong predictor of cognition and accounted for more variance in processing resources than in higher-order functions. This suggests that cardiorespiratory fitness may have a selective protective effect against age-associated cognitive decline."
Counting on low calories' benefits
Effects of Exercise Programs on Falls and Mobility in Frail and Pre-Frail Older Adults: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial (Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2006) "Fall-preventive moderate intensity group-exercise programs have positive effects on falling and physical performance in pre-frail, but not in frail elderly."
Exercise is associated with reduced risk for incident dementia among persons 65 years of age and older (Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports) "These results suggest that regular exercise is associated with a delay in onset of dementia and Alzheimer disease, further supporting its value for elderly persons."
Exercise Training May Improve Efficiency More in Older Than in Younger Individuals
Exercise, Learning Help Shield Against Alzheimer's
Five Steps Help Men Live Longer "Even men being treated for high blood pressure or high cholesterol showed a reduced risk of heart disease when they quit smoking, kept slim, exercised daily, drank only a moderate amount of alcohol and stuck to a healthy diet.
Good Nutrition May Help Prevent Disability in the Elderly "In the current study, older women in the lowest quartiles of levels of serum vitamin B6, vitamin B12, and selenium were at increased risk for incident ADL disability."
Low-calorie diet tops exercise for staying young "New research suggests that while exercise helps ward off chronic ailments such as obesity, diabetes, and heart disease that can shorten a normal lifespan, only cutting calories appears to slow down the primary aging process."
Physical Fitness Contributes to Successful Mental Aging "A Scottish study found that 79-year-old individuals who were more physically fit had greater mental acuity, even after accounting for childhood IQ."
Resistance Training Increases Basal Limb Blood Flow and Vascular Conductance in Aging Humans. (J Appl Physiol. 2006) "Our results indicate that short-term strength training increases basal femoral blood flow and vascular conductance in healthy middle-aged and older adults."
Study: Even Light Activity Helps Elderly "Forget jumping jacks and treadmills. Just doing household chores and other mundane activities of daily living is enough to help older adults live longer, new research suggests. Elderly couch potatoes were much more likely to die within about six years than those whose lives included regular activity no more strenuous than washing dishes, vacuuming, gardening and climbing stairs, according to the study of adults aged 72 to 80."
‘Use-it-or-lose-it’ brain theory put to the test "Brief sessions of brain exercise can have long-lasting benefits for elderly people, helping them stay mentally fit for at least five years, one of the most rigorous tests of the 'use-it-or-lose-it' theory suggests. For people age 73 on average, just 10 sessions — less time than it takes to stay physically fit — helped keep their brains sharp."
ARTICLES:
Health promotion in older adults: Prescribing exercise
Making Our Minds Last A Lifetime
You're Never Too Old or Too Frail to Exercise
JOURNAL ARTICLES:
Aerobic exercise training increases brain volume in aging humans. (J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2006) " Conclusions. These results suggest that cardiovascular fitness is associated with the sparing of brain tissue in aging humans. Furthermore, these results suggest a strong biological basis for the role of aerobic fitness in maintaining and enhancing central nervous system health and cognitive functioning in older adults."
Beneficial effects of fruit extracts on neuronal function and behavior in a rodent model of accelerated aging. (Neurobiol Aging. 2006) "These data suggest that (56)Fe particle irradiation causes deficits in behavior and signaling in rats which were ameliorated by an antioxidant diet and that the polyphenols in these fruits might be acting in different brain regions."
Caloric restriction and intermittent fasting: Two potential diets for successful brain aging. (Ageing Res Rev. 2006) "In this review article we describe evidence suggesting that two dietary interventions, caloric restriction (CR) and intermittent fasting (IF), can prolong the health-span of the nervous system by impinging upon fundamental metabolic and cellular signaling pathways that regulate life-span. CR and IF affect energy and oxygen radical metabolism, and cellular stress response systems, in ways that protect neurons against genetic and environmental factors to which they would otherwise succumb during aging."
Caloric Restriction Increases Longevity Substantially only When the Reaction Norm is Steep. (Biogerontology. 2006) "Evolutionary theory leads to the general expectation that dietary restriction will often result in increased survival probabilities, and thus increased lifespan. …Our previous work crudely estimates that the dietary reaction norms of rodents and humans have diverged substantially, with a very flat dietary reaction norm for human longevity. These general principles and our specific results suggest that the benefits from human caloric restriction would be minor."
Carotenoids as protection against sarcopenia in older adults. (Arch Biochem Biophys. 2006) " Sarcopenia, or loss of muscle mass and strength, plays a major role in the disablement process in older adults and increases the risk of impaired physical performance, falls, physical disability, frailty, and death. Oxidative stress is a major mechanism implicated in the pathogenesis of sarcopenia; aging muscle shows increased oxidative damage to DNA, protein, and lipids. Carotenoids quench free radicals, reduce damage from reactive oxygen species, and appear to modulate redox-sensitive transcription factors such as NF-kappaB that are involved in the upregulation of IL-6 and other proinflammatory cytokines."
Daily Activity Energy Expenditure and Mortality Among Older Adults (JAMA. 2006) "Conclusions Objectively measured free-living activity energy expenditure was strongly associated with lower risk of mortality in healthy older adults. Simply expending energy through any activity may influence survival in older adults."
Dietary folate improves age-related decreases in lymphocyte function. (J Nutr Biochem. 2006) "Overall, this study provides data suggesting that aging is associated with changes in the proportion of T cells, the ability of immune cells to proliferate and the production of cytokines after stimulation. Supplementing a folate-sufficient diet with additional folate improves proliferative response to mitogens, the distribution of T cells in the MLNs and the age-related changes in cytokine production in the spleen. These results suggest that the dietary folate requirement may be higher in the older population than in the younger population to support immune functions."
Effect of 6-Month Calorie Restriction on Biomarkers of Longevity, Metabolic Adaptation, and Oxidative Stress in Overweight Individuals: A Randomized Controlled Trial "Conclusions: The findings suggest that two biomarkers of longevity (fasting insulin level and body temperature) are decreased by prolonged calorie restriction in humans and support the theory that metabolic rate is reduced beyond the level expected from reduced metabolic body mass. Studies of longer duration are required to determine if calorie restriction attenuates the aging process in humans."
Effect of long-term calorie restriction with adequate protein and micronutrients on thyroid hormones. (J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006) "CONCLUSIONS: Long-term CR with adequate protein and micronutrient intake in lean and weight-stable healthy humans is associated with a sustained reduction in serum T(3) concentration, similar to that found in CR rodents and monkeys. This effect is likely due to CR itself, rather than to a decrease in body fat mass, and could be involved in slowing the rate of aging."
Effects of Concord grape juice on cognitive and motor deficits in aging. (Nutrition. 2006)
Effects of exercise frequency on functional fitness in older adult women (Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics 2006) "Older women who participate in an exercise program three times a week gain greater functional fitness benefits than those who exercise less frequently. In order to improve functional fitness in older women, an exercise frequency of at least three times each week should be recommended."
Effects of zinc supplementation on cognitive function in healthy middle-aged and older adults: the ZENITH study. (Br J Nutr. 2006)
Exercise and older patients: prescribing guidelines. (Am Fam Physician. 2006) "A combination of aerobic activity, strength training, and flexibility exercises, plus increased general daily activity can reduce medication dependence and health care costs while maintaining functional independence and improving quality of life in older adults."
Green tea consumption and cognitive function: a cross-sectional study from the Tsurugaya Project 1. (Am J Clin Nutr. 2006) "CONCLUSION: A higher consumption of green tea is associated with a lower prevalence of cognitive impairment in humans."
How Tai Chi improves balance: Biomechanics of recovery to a walking slip in impaired seniors (Gait & Posture 2006)
Increased Responsiveness to Novelty is Associated with Successful Cognitive Aging. (J Cogn Neurosci. 2006)
Lifetime sport and leisure activity participation is associated with greater bone size, quality and strength in older men. (Osteoporos Int. 2006) "In conclusion, these findings indicate that long-term regular participation in sport and leisure activities categorized according to an osteogenic index [but not the total time (min) spent participating in all sport and leisure activities] was an important determinant of bone size, quality and strength, but not BMD, at loaded sites in older men. Furthermore, continued participation in weight-bearing exercise in early to mid-adulthood appears to be important for reducing the risk of low bone strength in old age."
Long-term caloric restriction ameliorates the decline in diastolic function in humans. (J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006)
Long-term Effects of Cognitive Training on Everyday Functional Outcomes in Older Adults (JAMA. 2006) "Conclusions Reasoning training resulted in less functional decline in self-reported IADL. Compared with the control group, cognitive training resulted in improved cognitive abilities specific to the abilities trained that continued 5 years after the initiation of the intervention."
Mitigation of age-dependent oxidative damage to DNA in rat heart by carnitine and lipoic acid. (Mech Ageing Dev. 2006) " Supplementation of carnitine and lipoic acid during aging process decreased the incidence of these DNA damage, therefore suggesting that this feeding regimen inhibits the accumulation of age-associated oxidative DNA damage."
Neuroprotective effects of cognitive enrichment. (Ageing Res Rev. 2006) "Cognitive enrichment early in life, as indicated by level of education, complexity of work environment or nature of leisure activities, appears to protect against the development of age-associated cognitive decline and also dementia. These effects are more robust for measures of crystallized intelligence than for measures of fluid intelligence and depend on the ability of the brain to compensate for pathological changes associated with aging. This compensatory ability is referred to as cognitive reserve. The cognitive reserve hypothesis suggests that cognitive enrichment promotes utilization of available functions. Alternatively, late life cognitive changes in cognition may be linked to a factor, such as cholinergic dysfunction, that is also present early in life and contributes to the reduced levels of early life cognitive enrichment."
Physical activity alters antioxidant status in exercising elderly subjects (The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry 2006) "These data also strongly suggest specific antioxidant requirements for athletes with advancing age, with a special attention to carotenoids."
Physical activity is related to quality of life in older adults (Health and Quality of Life Outcomes 2006) "Healthy older adults who regularly participated in physical activity of at least moderate intensity for more than one hour per week had higher HRQL measures in both physical and mental domains than those who were less physically active. Therefore, incorporating more physical activity into the lifestyles of sedentary or slightly active older individuals may improve their HRQL."
Physical fitness and lifetime cognitive change. (Neurology. 2006) "CONCLUSIONS: Physical fitness is associated with cognitive reserve. Intervention studies aimed at making older people fitter are good candidates to improve cognitive aging."
Plant foods and brain aging: a critical appraisal. (Forum Nutr. 2006)
Remembering to age successfully: evaluation of a successful aging approach to memory enhancement. (Int Psychogeriatr. 2006) "Conclusions: Although a fully randomized design was not used, the results are promising, suggesting that memory training incorporating principles of successful aging can enhance memory performance in healthy old people, objectively and subjectively."
Sarcopenia. Exercise as a treatment strategy. (Aust Fam Physician. 2006) "DISCUSSION:The aging neuromuscular system is highly responsive to resistance training. Resistance can be applied using specialised weight training machines, elastic bands, objects around the home, or body weight. Training once or twice a week targeting the major muscle groups at moderate intensity is sufficient for improvement."
The beneficial effects of fruit polyphenols on brain aging. (Neurobiol Aging. 2005) "Research from our laboratory has shown that nutritional antioxidants, such as the polyphenols found in blueberries, can reverse age-related declines in neuronal signal transduction as well as cognitive and motor deficits. Furthermore, we have shown that short-term blueberry (BB) supplementation increases hippocampal plasticity."
The effects of a twenty-four-week aquatic training program on muscular strength performance in healthy elderly women. (J Strength Cond Res. 2006) " The results indicate that AT, with both aerobic and resistance components, is an alternative training method for improving neuromuscular and functional fitness performance in healthy elderly women."
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