Bipolar Disorder

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Bipolar Disorder

NIH - Medical Encyclopedia Bipolar disorder

"There are two primary types of bipolar disorder. People with bipolar disorder I have had at least one fully manic episode with periods of major depression. (In the past, bipolar disorder I was called manic depression.) People with bipolar disorder II seldom experience full-fledged mania. Instead they experience periods of hypomania (elevated levels of energy and impulsiveness that are not as extreme as the symptoms of mania). These hypomanic periods alternate with episodes of major depression."

Highlighted Article

Clinical features of bipolar depression versus major depressive disorder in large multicenter trials. (Am J Psychiatry. 2006)

"RESULTS: Bipolar depression was associated with family history of bipolar disorder, an earlier age at onset, a greater previous number of depressive episodes … Fears were more common in patients with bipolar disorder, whereas sadness; insomnia; intellectual (cognitive), somatic (muscular), respiratory, genitourinary complaints; and depressed behavior were more common in patients with unipolar depression."

Bipolar Disorder

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Aggression and substance abuse in bipolar disorder. (Bipolar Disord. 2006) "Conclusions: In persons with bipolar disorder, an earlier age of onset and aggressive traits appear to be factors associated with later development of comorbid SUD."

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder - bipolar comorbidity in children and adolescents. (Bipolar Disord. 2006) "ADHD comorbidity is frequent in juvenile BD and can influence age of onset, phenomenology, comorbidity, and course of BD. A timely diagnosis should improve our efforts regarding the outcome of these subjects."

[Bipolar disorders in children and adolescents.] (Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 2006)

Bipolar II and the bipolar spectrum. (Nord J Psychiatry. 2006)

Bipolar disorder and comorbid alcoholism: prevalence rate and treatment considerations. (Bipolar Disord. 2006)

Bipolar disorder: Etiology, diagnosis, and management. (J Am Acad Nurse Pract. 2006) "The primary care provider is in a key position to render early diagnosis and treatment of BD. This disease should always be considered as part of the differential diagnosis for depression or anxiety."

Childhood antecedent disorders to bipolar disorder in adults: A controlled study. (J Affect Disord. 2006) "CONCLUSIONS: Bipolar disorder in adults is frequently preceded by childhood disruptive behavior and anxiety disorders. These childhood disorders may be important markers of risk for adult bipolar disorder."

Clinical Course of Children and Adolescents With Bipolar Spectrum Disorders (Arch Gen Psychiatry 2006)

Clinical features of bipolar depression versus major depressive disorder in large multicenter trials. (Am J Psychiatry. 2006)

Clinical outcome in patients with bipolar I disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder or both. (Hum Psychopharmacol. 2006) "BACKGROUND: Bipolar disorder (BPD) is often comorbid with obsessive-compulsive (OCD) and other anxiety disorders, but the impact of such comorbidity on long-term outcome has not been evaluated systematically. … CONCLUSIONS: Despite potential sampling bias with previously hospitalized subjects, the findings suggest that comorbid BPD-OCD patients may be clinically more similar to BPD than OCD patients, and that BPD-OCD comorbidity may not negatively impact the long-term clinical outcome."

Cognitive impairment in bipolar II disorder. (Br J Psychiatry. 2006) "CONCLUSIONS: Cognitive impairment exists in both subtypes of bipolar disorder, although more so in the bipolar I group. The best predictors of poor psychosocial functioning in bipolar II disorder were subclinical depressive symptoms, early onset of illness and poor performance on a measure related to executive function."

Co-occurrence of bipolar and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorders in children. (Bipolar Disord. 2006) "Conclusions: The etiology of comorbid BPD and ADHD is likely multifactorial. Additional longitudinal and biological studies are warranted to clarify the relationships between BPD and ADHD since they may have important diagnostic and treatment implications."

Dose-response relationship between number of comorbid anxiety disorders in adolescent bipolar/unipolar disorders, and psychosis, suicidality, substance abuse and familiality. (J Affect Disord. 2006) "CONCLUSIONS: BP adolescents have a greater anxiety disorder burden than their MDD counterparts. The results are compatible with the hypothesis that heavy familial-genetic loading for affective illness in juveniles is associated with bipolarity, cumulative anxiety disorder comorbidity, suicidality and psychosis."

Impulsivity and bipolar disorder. (Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2006)

Increased oxidative stress and DNA damage in bipolar disorder: A twin-case report. (Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2006) "CONCLUSIONS: These findings support that oxidative stress may play a role in the pathophysiology of BD and that pharmacological treatment may exert antioxidant effects. Studies with larger samples are warranted to further clarify this issue."

Is the association of alcohol use disorders with major depressive disorder a consequence of undiagnosed bipolar-II disorder? (Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2006) "CONCLUSIONS: The findings that the comorbidity of mood disorders with AUD was primarily attributable to BP-II rather than MDD and that bipolar symptoms usually preceded alcohol problems may encourage new approaches to prevention and treatment of AUD."

Obsessive-compulsive disorder in bipolar disorder patients with first manic episode. (J Affect Disord. 2006)

Pediatric bipolar disorder: emerging diagnostic and treatment approaches. (Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am. 2006)

Predictors of Relapse in Bipolar Disorder: A Review. ( Psychiatr Pract. 2006) "RESULTS.: Predictors of episodes include stressful life events, increased number of previous episodes, decreased interval between episodes, and persistence of affective symptoms and episodes. Factors associated with longer survival times include psychotherapy, social support, and medication adherence. CONCLUSIONS.: Our review suggests several reliable predictors of bipolar episodes. Knowledge of these factors has significant clinical implications and could aid in treatment and prevention strategies."

Prospective study of risk factors for attempted suicide among patients with bipolar disorder. (Psychiatr Danub. 2006) "Conclusions: During a medium-term follow-up as many as one fifth of psychiatric patients with bipolar disorder attempted suicide, which highlights the public health importance of suicidal behavior in bipolar disorder. Previous suicide attempts, hopelessness and depressive phase were the key indicators of risk."

Psychopathology in the young offspring of parents with bipolar disorder: A controlled pilot study. (Psychiatry Res. 2006) "Results support the hypotheses of elevated behavior, anxiety, and mood disorders among offspring at risk for bipolar disorder, and suggest that this psychopathology is already evident in early childhood."

Recurrence in Bipolar I Disorder: A Post Hoc Analysis Excluding Relapses in Two Double-blind Maintenance Studies. (Biol Psychiatry. 2006)

Sub-syndromal and syndromal symptoms in the longitudinal course of bipolar disorder. (Br J Psychiatry. 2006)

The Latest Mania: Selling Bipolar Disorder (PLoS Med 2006) "With the possible exception of lithium for bipolar I disorder, there are no randomized controlled trials to show that patients with bipolar disorders in general who receive psychotropic drugs are better in the long term than those who receive no medicine [19]. This may stem in part from difficulties in conducting trials on psychotropic drugs that last more than a few weeks in conditions as complex as manic-depressive illness. One short-term, randomized, placebo-controlled trial (in which patients were only followed for up to 48 weeks) that some see as a basis for claiming that olanzapine may be prophylactic in bipolar disorder [2] has been regarded by others as indicating that this drug produces a withdrawal-induced decompensation when stopped [20]. Even in the case of lithium, there is some dispute over what has been demonstrated [19], with the best evidence stemming from large open studies in dedicated lithium services rather than from randomized trials [21]."

The neurophysiology of childhood and adolescent bipolar disorder. (CNS Spectr. 2006) "Children and adolescents with bipolar disorder often present with higher rates of mixed episodes, rapid cycling, and co-occurring attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder than adults with bipolar disorder. It is unclear whether the differences in clinical presentation between youth and adults with bipolar disorder are due to differences in underlying etiologies or developmental differences in symptom manifestation."

The relationship between smoking and suicidal behavior, comorbidity, and course of illness in bipolar disorder. (J Clin Psychiatry. 2006) "OBJECTIVES: The rate of smoking in people with bipolar disorder is much greater than in the general population, but the implications of smoking for the course of bipolar disorder have not been well studied. … CONCLUSIONS: Bipolar patients with lifetime smoking were more likely to have earlier age at onset of mood disorder, greater severity of symptoms, poorer functioning, history of a suicide attempt, and a lifetime history of comorbid anxiety and substance use disorders. Smoking may be independently associated with suicidal behavior in bipolar disorder."

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Bipolar Disorder

Bipolar Disorder

Bipolar Disorder

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