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Breast Cancer
NIH - Medical Encyclopedia Breast cancer
"There are several different types of breast cancer. Ductal carcinoma begins in the cells lining the ducts that bring milk to the nipple and accounts for more than 75% of breast cancers. Lobular carcinoma begins in the milk-secreting glands of the breast but is otherwise fairly similar in its behavior to ductal carcinoma. Other varieties of breast cancer can arise from the skin, fat, connective tissues, and other cells present in the breast. Some women have what is known as HER2-positive breast cancer. HER2, short for human epidermal growth factor receptor-2, is a gene that helps control cell growth, division, and repair. When cells have too many copies of this gene, cell growth speeds up. Its believed that HER2 plays a key role in turning healthy cells into cancerous ones. Some women with breast cancer have too much HER2, and are therefore considered HER2-positive. Some families appear to have a genetic tendency for breast cancer. Two variant genes have been found that appear to account for this: BRCA1 and BRCA2. The body's reduced ability to get rid of abnormal cells leads to damage that gradually accumulates. Women carrying mutated BRCA1 and/or BRCA2 genes start with pre-existing dysfunction of this system and have a "head start" in this damaging process. Hormones are important because they encourage cell growth. High levels of hormones during a woman's reproductive years, especially when they are not interrupted by the hormonal changes of pregnancy, appear to increase the chances that genetically damaged cells will grow and cause cancer."
Highlighted ArticleLifetime Alcohol Intake and Breast Cancer Risk (Annals of Epidemiology 2006)
"These data give added support that moderate alcohol consumption over the life course increases breast cancer risk, particularly among women with low BMI and those diagnosed with estrogen receptor positive tumors or with invasive rather than in situ disease."
Breast Cancer
General Information
NEWS:
Breast cancer cases have soared
Breast cancer deadlier in younger women
Breast cancer drop tied to less hormone therapy
Exercise May Help Breast Cancer Patients Survive "Women who are physically active in the year before they receive a diagnosis of breast cancer are more likely to survive the disease, a new study finds."
Modern chemo changes fate of breast cancer "The latest findings offer more evidence that a tumor's "personality characteristics" are more important than size and how much the cancer has spread. Often the key is whether the tumor is fueled by the hormone estrogen."
Second Cancer May Be Common in Women Previously Diagnosed With Breast Cancer
ARTICLES:
AHRQ - After Breast Cancer: What You Need to Know About Your Gynecologic Health
American Cancer Society: Breast Cancer (2006)
Breast Cancer: Detecting Realities, Not Myths
JOURNAL ARTICLES:
Association of Ginseng Use with Survival and Quality of Life among Breast Cancer Patients. (Am J Epidemiol. 2006)
Breast asymmetry and predisposition to breast cancer (Breast Cancer Research 2006) "Breast asymmetry was greater in healthy women who later developed breast cancer than in women who did not."
Breast cancer in octogenarians. (Cancer. 2006)
Contralateral recurrence and prognostic factors in familial non-BRCA1/2-associated breast cancer. (Br J Surg. 2006) "BACKGROUND:: A higher incidence of contralateral breast cancer and ipsilateral recurrence has been reported in familial breast cancer than in sporadic cancer. This study investigated the influence of contralateral cancer and tumour stage on survival in patients with familial non-BRCA1/BRCA2-associated breast cancer. . CONCLUSION:: Stage at detection was a key determinant of prognosis in familial non-BRCA1/2 breast cancer, whereas contralateral cancer was not. Risk-reducing contralateral mastectomy did not significantly improve survival, but early detection can. Decisions on breast-conserving treatment can be made on the same grounds in patients with familial and sporadic breast cancer."
Dietary Fat and Risk of Postmenopausal Breast Cancer in a 20-year Follow-up. (m J Epidemiol. 2006)
Effect of Obesity on Presentation of Breast Cancer. (Ann Surg Oncol. 2006)
Effects of young age at presentation on survival in breast cancer. (BMC Cancer. 2006) "CONCLUSIONS: Young age at presentation conferred a worse prognosis in spite of a higher than expected positive hormone receptor status, more anthracycline-based adjuvant chemotherapy and equivalent adjuvant tamoxifen hormonal therapy in younger patients. This negative impact on survival was seen in patients with positive lymph nodes and those with positive hormonal receptors."
Fish consumption and breast cancer risk. The European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). (Int J Cancer. 2006)
Green tea polyphenols and its constituent epigallocatechin gallate inhibits proliferation of human breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. (Cancer Lett. 2006)
High risk of contralateral breast carcinoma in women with hereditary/familial non-BRCA1/BRCA2 breast carcinoma. (Cancer. 2006)
Infertility and pregnancy after breast cancer: Current knowledge and future perspectives. (Cancer Treat Rev. 2006) "Fertility impairment induced by adjuvant treatments and potential risk associated with pregnancy, are major concerns of young pre-menopausal patients with early breast cancer. Although current evidences suggest that pregnancy does not negatively affect prognosis, a low rate (3-8%) of pregnancy after breast cancer has been reported. Among the potential causes of such a low rate there are a high chance of spontaneous abortions (25%) as well as the fertility impairment induced by adjuvant treatments."
Meta-analysis of soy intake and breast cancer risk. (J Natl Cancer Inst. 2006)
Patterns of breast cancer relapse. (Eur J Surg Oncol. 2006)
Plasma Phytoestrogens and Subsequent Breast Cancer Risk (Journal of Clinical Oncology 2006) "Conclusion: High genistein circulation levels are associated with reduced breast cancer risk in the Dutch population. No effects of lignans on breast cancer risk were observed."
Race, breast cancer subtypes, and survival in the Carolina Breast Cancer Study. (JAMA. 2006) "CONCLUSIONS: Basal-like breast tumors occurred at a higher prevalence among premenopausal African American patients compared with postmenopausal African American and non-African American patients in this population-based study. A higher prevalence of basal-like breast tumors and a lower prevalence of luminal A tumors could contribute to the poor prognosis of young African American women with breast cancer."
Recreational physical activity and survival among young women with breast cancer. (Cancer. 2006) "CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study provided some suggestive evidence for a beneficial effect on survival of recreational physical activity undertaken in the year before diagnosis, particularly among women who are overweight or obese near the time of diagnosis."
Relationship between Established Breast Cancer Risk Factors and Risk of Seven Different Histologic Types of Invasive Breast Cancer (Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention 2006)
Risk of invasive breast carcinoma among women diagnosed with ductal carcinoma in situ and lobular carcinoma in situ, 1988-2001. (Cancer. 2006) "CONCLUSIONS: Screening young DCIS patients more frequently and improving the follow-up care of blacks and Hispanic whites with DCIS may reduce their risk of advanced-stage breast cancer. In addition, LCIS may be a precursor rather than just an ambiguous risk factor for invasive breast cancer, and, therefore, localized treatment for LCIS may be warranted. Given that incidence rates of DCIS and LCIS have been rising, investigations of these tumors should be continued to better understand their etiology and appropriate clinical management."
Survival and prognostic factors in BRCA1-associated breast cancer (Annals of Oncology 2006)
The association between recreational physical activity and mammographic density. (Int J Cancer. 2006)
The prevention, detection, and management of breast cancer. (Med J Aust. 2006) "In this article, we discuss progress in breast cancer prevention, detection and management, focusing on areas where clinical practice has evolved (sentinel lymph node biopsy, percutaneous core biopsy, new imaging technologies, and breast reconstruction) or where emerging evidence supports future directions in practice (neoadjuvant endocrine therapy, adjuvant trastuzumab, and primary prevention)."
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