Sunlight - Tanning Beds
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Sunlight - Tanning Beds
General Information
NEWS:
Health: Your Tan Could Kill You
Skin Cancer More Deadly in Darker-Skinned People "New research from the University of Cincinnati (UC) shows that dark-skinned people -- commonly thought to be "immune" to most skin cancers -- are more likely than whites to die from skin cancer and its related complications."
Sun Exposure Cuts Cancer Risk at 16 Sites, Study Says "During an interview with Medscape, Dr. Grant said that short courses of sun exposure provide important health effects that have been overshadowed by doctors and the sunscreen industry. 'Unfortunately, dermatologists are looking only at the skin. They have parochial point of view and have been part of the problem,' Dr. Grant said. He suggests that about 15 minutes of sun exposure for fair-skinned people and about 3 times as long for those with darker skin tones can be very beneficial. Even more important than sun exposure, Dr. Grant argues, is oral intake of vitamin D. He says previous studies have shown that 1000 to 1500 international units per day reduce the risk of cancer."
Sun kills 60,000 people a year, WHO reports "It found that 48,000 deaths every year are caused by malignant melanomas, and 12,000 by other kinds of skin cancer. About 90 percent of such cancers are caused by ultraviolet light from the sun."
Sunscreen makers sued for misleading claims "The nine suits - involving some of the most popular brands, including Coppertone, Banana Boat, Hawaiian Tropic, Bullfrog and Neutrogena - charge that manufacturers dangerously inflate claims about the protective qualities of sunscreens, lulling consumers into believing they are safe from the dangers of prolonged sun exposure."
Sunscreens Faulted on Cancer Protection
Supplements, not sun, best to boost vitamin D
Yellow or amber-tinted sunglasses best
ARTICLES:
Sunless tanning: A safe alternative to sunbathing
Sun Safety For Kids And Adults
Vitamin D Status and Cancer Incidence and Mortality: Something New Under the Sun "Sunlight generally is an effective means of generating large amounts of vitamin D, but it may not be safe for all persons. For many individuals, including those who are darkly pigmented or who live at northern latitudes, sunlight exposure may also be insufficient to generate adequate vitamin D. Conversely, vitamin D supplements are widely available, inexpensive, and believed to be safe over a large dosing range. As is often pointed out, the present recommended allowance for vitamin D-400 IU-for individuals aged 50-70 years is inadequate even to maintain skeletal health and is probably too low for meaningful anticancer effects (25)."
JOURNAL ARTICLES:
Adverse effects of ultraviolet radiation: A brief review. (Prog Biophys Mol Biol. 2006) "Solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) has always been part of the environment of man. UVB is required for the conversion of 7-deoxycholesterol to vitamin D, which is critically important in the maintenance of healthy bones and research is making clear that it has other potential roles in maintenance of human health. Exposure to UVR, whether of solar or artificial origin, also carries potential risks to human health. ."
Anatomic site, sun exposure, and risk of cutaneous melanoma. (J Clin Oncol. 2006) "CONCLUSION: Melanomas developing at different body sites are associated with distinct patterns of sun exposure. Melanomas of the head and neck are associated with chronic patterns of sun exposure whereas trunk melanomas are associated with intermittent patterns of sun exposure, supporting the hypothesis that melanomas may arise through divergent causal pathways."
Anatomical distribution of solar ultraviolet exposures among cyclists. (J Photochem Photobiol B. 2006)
Are low ultraviolet B and high animal protein intake associated with risk of renal cancer? (Int J Cancer. 2006) "Incidence rates of kidney cancer are thought to be highest in places situated at high latitudes and in populations with high intake of energy from animal sources. This suggests that low 25-hydroxyvitamin D status, due to lower levels of UVB irradiance, and energy from animal sources might be involved in etiology. The association of latitude with age-adjusted incidence rates was determined for all 175 countries in a UN cancer database, GLOBOCAN. … Lower levels of UVB irradiance and higher intakes of calories from animal sources were independently associated with higher incidence rates of kidney cancer."
Calculated Ultraviolet Exposure Levels for a Healthy Vitamin D Status. (Photochem Photobiol. 2006) "Vitamin D3 synthesis is not possible at high latitudes in the winter season, or the exposure time required to reach a standard dose is sometimes impractical. Where solar UV is sufficient, a risk benefit analysis of sunburn vs. vitamin D3 synthesis shows that the best time for brief sun exposure is in the middle of the day. For low solar elevation angles common at high latitudes, a fine line exists between adequate UV exposure for vitamin D3 synthesis and a risk of sun burn."
Do adolescent indoor tanners exhibit dependency? (J Am Acad Dermatol. 2006) "CONCLUSION: Although preliminary, our findings for age at initiation and frequency of use in relation to difficulty in quitting indoor tanning are consistent with other potentially addictive behaviors taken up during adolescence."
Does sunlight prevent cancer? A systematic review. (Eur J Cancer. 2006)
Epidemic influenza and vitamin D. (Epidemiol Infect. 2006) "Vitamin D deficiency predisposes children to respiratory infections. Ultraviolet radiation (either from artificial sources or from sunlight) reduces the incidence of viral respiratory infections, as does cod liver oil (which contains vitamin D). An interventional study showed that vitamin D reduces the incidence of respiratory infections in children. We conclude that vitamin D, or lack of it, may be Hope-Simpson's 'seasonal stimulus'."
[Exposure to sun radiation as a risk factor for the occurrence of basal cell carcinoma in the Montenegrian population] (Vojnosanit Pregl. 2006) "CONCLUSION: Our study confirmed the significance of sunlight exposure for the development of BCC."
Latitude and Incidence of Ocular Melanoma. (Photochem Photobiol. 2006) "Our analysis indicated that the higher the latitude (away from the equator, the less sun exposure), the lower the risk of external ocular melanoma (eyelid and conjunctival melanomas) among non-Hispanic whites (P for trend=0.018). The incidence increased 2.48 fold from 47-48 degrees to 20-22 degrees . This trend is very similar to that of skin melanoma."
Recent Tanning Bed Use (Arch Dermatol. 2006) "Conclusion Intense UV exposure as an adult likely contributed to the development of additional primary melanomas in this individual."
Role of ultraviolet B irradiance and vitamin d in prevention of ovarian cancer. (Am J Prev Med. 2006) "CONCLUSIONS: Solar UVB irradiance was inversely associated with incidence rates of ovarian cancer in this study, adding new evidence to the theory that vitamin D might play a role in the prevention of ovarian cancer. Cohort studies are needed to confirm this possible association."
Solar ultraviolet-B exposure and cancer incidence and mortality in the United States, 1993-2002 (BMC Cancer 2006) "This paper adds to the mounting evidence for the influential role of solar UV-B exposure on cancer, particularly for some of the less-well studied digestive cancers. The relative risks for cancer incidence are similar to those for cancer mortality for most sites. For several sites (breast, colon, rectum, esophagus, other biliary, vulva), the relative risks of mortality are higher, possibly suggesting that the maintenance of adequate vitamin D levels is more critical for limiting tumor progression than for preventing tumor onset."
Sun exposure and risk of melanoma. (Arch Dis Child. 2006)
Tanning in Body Dysmorphic Disorder. (Psychiatr Q. 2006)
The association of solar ultraviolet B (UVB) with reducing risk of cancer: multifactorial ecologic analysis of geographic variation in age-adjusted cancer mortality rates. (Anticancer Res. 2006) "CONCLUSION: These results provide additional support for the hypothesis that solar UVB, through photosynthesis of vitamin D, is inversely-associated with cancer mortality rates, and that various other cancer risk-modifying factors do not detract from this link."
The association of use of sunbeds with cutaneous malignant melanoma and other skin cancers: A systematic review. (Int J Cancer. 2006) "The evidence does not support a protective effect of the use of sunbeds against damage to the skin from subsequent sun exposure. Young adults should be discouraged from using indoor tanning equipment and restricted access to sunbeds by minors should be strongly considered."
The epidemiology of sunburn in the US population in 2003. (J Am Acad Dermatol. 2006)
The likely role of vitamin D from solar ultraviolet-B irradiance in increasing cancer survival. (Anticancer Res. 2006) "CONCLUSION: These results provide additional support for an increase in cancer survival rates linked with natural vitamin D."
[The photobiology of vitamin D, a topic of renewed focus.] (Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 2006) "An adequate supply of vitamin D3 seems to reduce the incidence rates or improve the prognosis of several cancer forms, including prostate, breast and colon cancer, as well as of lymphomas. Several other diseases are related to a low vitamin D3 status: heart diseases, multiple sclerosis, diabetes, and arthritis. The action mechanisms of vitamin D are thought to be mainly related to its known cell-differentiating and immuno-modulating effects. Even though most of the 250 annual death cases from skin cancer in Norway are caused by sun exposure, we should, in view of the health effects of ultraviolet radiation, consider modifying our restrictive attitude towards sun exposure and use of solaria."
The vitamin D questions: How much do you need and how should you get it? (Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 2006)
UV radiation and cancer prevention: what is the evidence? (Anticancer Res. 2006)
What is the appropriate use of sunscreen for infants and children? (J Fam Pract. 2006)
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