Vitamins

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Vitamins

Vitamin D

NEWS:

Low Vitamin D Levels Associated with Increased Total Cancer Incidence "The authors suggest that low levels of vitamin D may be associated with increased cancer risk, and they suggest that daily supplementation with at least 1500 IU of vitamin D may be required to optimize benefits on cancer risk."

Low vitamin D linked to seniors' risk of falling "Older men and women with vitamin D deficiency are more likely to fall multiple times in the course of a year than their peers with adequate vitamin D levels, researchers in The Netherlands have found. Vitamin D may be best known for its role, along with calcium, in maintaining bone health. However, vitamin D is also important for muscle mass and strength, and compromised muscle function may explain the fall risk seen in this study, according to the researchers."

Low Vitamin D Tied to Poorer Lung Function in Teens

Supplements, not sun, best to boost vitamin D

Vitamin D Cuts Pancreatic Cancer Risk

ARTICLES:

Vitamin D Status and Cancer Incidence and Mortality: Something New Under the Sun "Sunlight generally is an effective means of generating large amounts of vitamin D, but it may not be safe for all persons. For many individuals, including those who are darkly pigmented or who live at northern latitudes, sunlight exposure may also be insufficient to generate adequate vitamin D. Conversely, vitamin D supplements are widely available, inexpensive, and believed to be safe over a large dosing range. As is often pointed out, the present recommended allowance for vitamin D—400 IU—for individuals aged 50–70 years is inadequate even to maintain skeletal health and is probably too low for meaningful anticancer effects (25)."

JOURNAL ARTICLES:

Calculated Ultraviolet Exposure Levels for a Healthy Vitamin D Status. (Photochem Photobiol. 2006) "Vitamin D3 synthesis is not possible at high latitudes in the winter season, or the exposure time required to reach a standard dose is sometimes impractical. Where solar UV is sufficient, a risk benefit analysis of sunburn vs. vitamin D3 synthesis shows that the best time for brief sun exposure is in the middle of the day. For low solar elevation angles common at high latitudes, a fine line exists between adequate UV exposure for vitamin D3 synthesis and a risk of sun burn."

Cancer Incidence and Mortality and Vitamin D in Black and White Male Health Professionals (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2006) "Our results suggest that the high frequency of hypovitaminosis D in Blacks may be an important, and easily modifiable, contributor to their higher risk of cancer incidence and mortality."

Current Recommended Vitamin D Intake May Not Be Optimal "After comparing vitamin D intakes with achieved serum concentrations of 25(OH)D for the purpose of estimating optimal intakes, the authors suggest that an increase in the currently recommended intake of vitamin D is warranted for better bone health in younger adults and for all studied outcomes in older adults."

[Effect of vitamin D on the nervous system and the skeletal muscle.] (Clin Calcium. 2006)

Epidemic influenza and vitamin D. (Epidemiol Infect. 2006) "Vitamin D deficiency predisposes children to respiratory infections. Ultraviolet radiation (either from artificial sources or from sunlight) reduces the incidence of viral respiratory infections, as does cod liver oil (which contains vitamin D). An interventional study showed that vitamin D reduces the incidence of respiratory infections in children. We conclude that vitamin D, or lack of it, may be Hope-Simpson's 'seasonal stimulus'."

Epidemiology of disease risks in relation to vitamin D insufficiency. (Prog Biophys Mol Biol. 2006) "The strongest links to the beneficial roles of UVB and vitamin D to date are for bone and muscle conditions and diseases. There is also a preponderance of evidence from a variety of studies that vitamin D reduces the risk of colon cancer, with 1000 IU/day of vitamin D or serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels >33ng/mL (82nmol/L) associated with a 50% lower incidence of colorectal cancer. There is also reasonable evidence that vitamin D reduces the risk of breast, lung, ovarian, and prostate cancer and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. There is weaker, primarily ecologic, evidence for the role of vitamin D in reducing the risk of an additional dozen types of cancer. There is reasonably strong ecologic and case-control evidence that vitamin D reduces the risk of autoimmune diseases including such as multiple sclerosis and type 1 diabetes mellitus, and weaker evidence for rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension and stroke."

Estimation of optimal serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D for multiple health outcomes (American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2006) "A comparison of vitamin D intakes with achieved serum concentrations of 25(OH)D for the purpose of estimating optimal intakes led us to suggest that, for bone health in younger adults and all studied outcomes in older adults, an increase in the currently recommended intake of vitamin D is warranted. An intake for all adults of 1000 IU (40 µg) vitamin D (cholecalciferol)/d is needed to bring vitamin D concentrations in no less than 50% of the population up to 75 nmol/L. The implications of higher doses for the entire adult population should be addressed in future studies."

High prevalence of vitamin D inadequacy and implications for health. (Mayo Clin Proc. 2006) "Vitamin D inadequacy has been reported in approximately 36% of otherwise healthy young adults and up to 57% of general medicine inpatients in the United States and in even higher percentages in Europe. Recent epidemiological data document the high prevalence of vitamin D inadequacy among elderly patients and especially among patients with osteoporosis. Factors such as low sunlight exposure, age-related decreases in cutaneous synthesis, and diets low in vitamin D contribute to the high prevalence of vitamin D inadequacy. Vitamin D production from cutaneous synthesis or intake from the few vitamin D-rich or enriched foods typically occurs only intermittently. Supplemental doses of vitamin D and sensible sun exposure could prevent deficiency in most of the general population."

Insufficient vitamin D supply as a possible co-factor in colorectal carcinogenesis. (Anticancer Res. 2006) "In conclusion, an insufficient vitamin D supply might act as a co-factor in colorectal carcinogenesis."

The likely role of vitamin D from solar ultraviolet-B irradiance in increasing cancer survival. (Anticancer Res. 2006) "CONCLUSION: These results provide additional support for an increase in cancer survival rates linked with natural vitamin D."

The Role of Vitamin D in Cancer Prevention (American Journal of Public Health 2005)

The vitamin D questions: How much do you need and how should you get it? (Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 2006)

Vitamin D and autoimmune disease--implications for practice from the multiple sclerosis literature. (J Am Diet Assoc. 2006)

Vitamin D and cancer. (Anticancer Res. 2006) "Correcting vitamin D deficiency may decrease the risk of developing colon cancer … "

Vitamin D deficiency in outpatients:--a Scottish perspective. (Scott Med J. 2006)

Vitamin D deficiency: implications in the rehabilitation setting. (Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2006) "CONCLUSION: Vitamin D deficiency should be included in the differential diagnosis in the evaluation of musculoskeletal pain complaints in the rehabilitation setting, and treatment of any identified deficiency should be considered a potentially important component of the treatment regimen."

Vitamin D in patients with renal failure: A summary of observational mortality studies and steps moving forward. (J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2006) " The current review examines two recent large-scale studies of hemodialysis patients: one that demonstrated a survival advantage of paricalcitol over calcitriol, and a second that demonstrated a significant survival advantage of any intravenous Vitamin D formulation versus none. In both studies, the findings were independent of mineral and parathyroid hormone levels, suggesting "non-traditional" actions of Vitamin D contributed to the observed survival advantage."

[Vitamin D insufficiency in Japanese adults] (Clin Calcium. 2006) " … the prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency among frail, inactive elderly people with low levels of activities of daily living (ADL) was up to 50% greater. These results intimate that ADL may be an important determinant of vitamin D insufficiency. Overall findings highlight the need for measurement of serum 25 (OH) D to become a more common medical examination to detect vitamin D insufficiency in the elderly."

Vitamin D intake and the risk for pancreatic cancer in two cohort studies. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2006) "In two U.S. cohorts, higher intakes of vitamin D were associated with lower risks for pancreatic cancer. Our results point to a potential role for vitamin D in the pathogenesis and prevention of pancreatic cancer."

Vitamin D metabolism in human prostate cells: implications for prostate cancer chemoprevention by vitamin D. (Anticancer Res. 2006) "CONCLUSION: The autocrine synthesis of 1alpha,25(OH)2D3 from vitamin D3 suggests that maintaining adequate levels of serum vitamin D could be a safe and effective chemo-preventive measure to decrease the risk of prostate cancer."

Vitamin D often low in seemingly healthy girls "In a study of healthy adolescent girls, researchers found that insufficient vitamin D levels were a relatively common finding, with non-white girls more severely affected. According to the UK-based study team, 'reduced sunshine exposure rather than diet explained the difference in vitamin D status of white and non-white girls' in the study, reported in the Archives of Disease in Childhood. …In an editorial, Dr. N. J. Bishop, from the University of Sheffield, UK, expresses concern that 'failure to supply an essential nutrient during a period of rapid growth and development is likely to result in problems across the population as a whole.' He writes, 'We need to take simple, practical measures to reduce the burden of early bone disease and other later problems.' These include reminding women that breast milk lacks vitamin D and that totally breastfed infants should be supplemented (irrespective of skin color) until receiving a full mixed diet."

Vitamin D status and breast cancer risk. (Anticancer Res. 2006)

Vitamin D status in children and young adults with inflammatory bowel disease. (Pediatrics. 2006) "CONCLUSIONS: Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent among pediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Factors predisposing to the problem include having a dark-skin complexion, winter season, lack of vitamin D supplementation, early stage of disease, more severe disease, and upper gastrointestinal tract involvement in patients with Crohn disease."

Vitamin D, aging, and the 2005 Dietary Guidelines for Americans. (Nutr Rev. 2006)

INTERNET SITES:

NIH - Fact Sheet: Vitamin D

NIH - Medical Encyclopedia 25-hydroxy vitamin D

NIH - Medical Encyclopedia Rickets

NIH - Medical Encyclopedia Vitamin D

NIH - Medical Encyclopedia Vitamin D benefit

NIH - Medical Encyclopedia Vitamin D source

NIH - Vitamin D and Related Compounds (Systemic)

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