ADD - ADHD

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ADD - ADHD

NIH - Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

"According to the most recent version of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders2 (DSM-IV-TR), there are three patterns of behavior that indicate ADHD. People with ADHD may show several signs of being consistently inattentive. They may have a pattern of being hyperactive and impulsive far more than others of their age. Or they may show all three types of behavior. This means that there are three subtypes of ADHD recognized by professionals. These are the predominantly hyperactive-impulsive type (that does not show significant inattention); the predominantly inattentive type (that does not show significant hyperactive-impulsive behavior) sometimes called ADD—an outdated term for this entire disorder; and the combined type (that displays both inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive symptoms)."

Highlighted Article

[The addictive potential of methylphenidate.] (Psychiatr Prax. 2007)

"CONCLUSIONS According to the "experienced" drug users, there is a mild to moderate abuse potential of methylphenidate. However, its effects are not comparable with amphetamine or cocaine.)."

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Attention Deficit Disorder and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Risk Factors

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JOURNAL ARTICLES:

A polymorphism at the 3'-untranslated region of the CLOCK gene is associated with adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. (Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet. 2007)

ADHD Genetics: 2007 Update. (Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2007)

Association of serum concentrations of persistent organic pollutants with the prevalence of learning disability and attention deficit disorder. (J Epidemiol Community Health. 2007) "CONCLUSIONS: Associations were observed between serum concentrations of POPs belonging to the categories of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans and the prevalence of two clinically significant development problems, LD and ADD. "

Attention Problems and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Discordant and Concordant Monozygotic Twins: Evidence of Environmental Mediators. ( Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2007) " CONCLUSIONS:: Significant markers of ADHD are found in infancy and include low birth weight and delayed motor development."

Birth Weight and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Symptoms in Childhood and Early Adolescence: A Prospective Swedish Twin Study. (J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2007) "CONCLUSIONS:: The hypothesis that low birth weight is associated with the development of ADHD symptoms was supported in this prospective twin study. Fetal growth restriction seems to represent a modest but fairly consistent environmental influence on the development of ADHD symptoms."

Environmental risk factors for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. (Acta Paediatr. 2007)

Even Low Lead Exposure Linked To ADHD

Hair manganese and hyperactive behaviors: pilot study of school-age children exposed through tap water. (Environ Health Perspect. 2007)

Maternal adiposity prior to pregnancy is associated with ADHD symptoms in offspring: evidence from three prospective pregnancy cohorts. (Int J Obes (Lond). 2007) "Children of women who were both overweight and gained a large amount of weight during gestation had a 2-fold risk of ADHD symptoms (OR: 2.10, 95% CI: 1.19, 3.72) compared to normal-weight women. … Conclusions:We show for the first time that pre-pregnancy BMI is associated with ADHD symptoms in children. Our results are of public health significance if the associations are causal and will then add ADHD symptoms in offspring to the list of deleterious outcomes related to overweight and obesity in the prenatal period."

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