ADD - ADHD
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ADD - ADHD
NIH - Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
"According to the most recent version of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders2 (DSM-IV-TR), there are three patterns of behavior that indicate ADHD. People with ADHD may show several signs of being consistently inattentive. They may have a pattern of being hyperactive and impulsive far more than others of their age. Or they may show all three types of behavior. This means that there are three subtypes of ADHD recognized by professionals. These are the predominantly hyperactive-impulsive type (that does not show significant inattention); the predominantly inattentive type (that does not show significant hyperactive-impulsive behavior) sometimes called ADD—an outdated term for this entire disorder; and the combined type (that displays both inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive symptoms)."
Highlighted Article[The addictive potential of methylphenidate.] (Psychiatr Prax. 2007)
"CONCLUSIONS According to the "experienced" drug users, there is a mild to moderate abuse potential of methylphenidate. However, its effects are not comparable with amphetamine or cocaine.)."
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Notes
The 2007 Treatment Guidelines section will contain the 2007 published guidelines. To view Guidelines from previous years, view year 2006 Treatment Guidelines and 2005 InfoMedlinks (Articles section) or our Monthly Online Newsletter (under the Guidelines section).
Attention Deficit Disorder and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Daily Treatment Report
Cognitive Therapy-CBT-Psychotherapy
A Randomized, Controlled Trial of Integrated Home-School Behavioral Treatment for ADHD, Predominantly Inattentive Type. (J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2007)
Drug Side-Effects and Interactions
The effect of stimulant treatment for ADHD on later substance abuse and the potential for medication misuse, abuse, and diversion. (J Clin Psychiatry. 2007)
Acute Myocardial Infarction Related to Methylphenidate for Adult Attention Deficit Disorder. (J Emerg Med. 2007)
Effects of Stimulant Medication on Growth Rates Across 3 Years in the MTA Follow-up. (J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2007) "CONCLUSIONS:: Stimulant-naïve school-age children with Combined type attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder were, as a group, larger than expected from norms before treatment but show stimulant-related decreases in growth rates after initiation of treatment, which appeared to reach asymptotes within 3 years without evidence of growth rebound."
FDA Directs ADHD Drug Manufacturers to Notify Patients about Cardiovascular Adverse Events and Psychiatric Adverse Events "FDA recommends that children, adolescents, or adults who are being considered for treatment with ADHD drug products work with their physician or other health care professional to develop a treatment plan that includes a careful health history and evaluation of current status, particularly for cardiovascular and psychiatric problems (including assessment for a family history of such problems)."
Atomoxetine-induced hepatitis in a child. (Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2007) "This potential serious adverse reaction should be considered in children receiving atomoxetine therapy."
[The addictive potential of methylphenidate.] (Psychiatr Prax. 2007) " CONCLUSIONS According to the "experienced" drug users, there is a mild to moderate abuse potential of methylphenidate. However, its effects are not comparable with amphetamine or cocaine."
Treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents : safety considerations. (Drug Saf. 2007) " The common adverse effects of stimulant medications, including appetite suppression and insomnia, are usually of mild severity and manageable without stopping the medication. The more severe adverse effects such as tics or bizarre behaviours occur with low frequency and usually resolve when the medication is stopped. The possible impact on growth requires careful monitoring. Several rare but potentially severe adverse effects including sudden cardiac death and cancer following long-term treatment have been reported; however, these effects have not been adequately demonstrated to be of significant concern at this time."
Drugs
[Atomoxetine (Strattera), an alternative in the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children] (Encephale. 2007) "CONCLUSION: Results from clinical trials demonstrated that atomoxetine is effective and well tolerated for the acute and long-term treatment of children and adolescents suffering from ADHD. Atomoxetine should be considered as a new interesting pharmacological option in the treatment of ADHD in association with non pharmacological therapeutic interventions."
Comorbidity Moderates Response to Methylphenidate in the Preschoolers with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Treatment Study (PATS). (J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2007)
Medications Do Not Necessarily Normalize Cognition in ADHD Patients. (J Atten Disord. 2007)
Critical assessment of the methylphenidate transdermal system. (Drugs Today (Barc). 2007)
3-Year Follow-up of the NIMH MTA Study. ( Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2007) "CONCLUSIONS:: By 36 months, the earlier advantage of having had 14 months of the medication algorithm was no longer apparent, possibly due to age-related decline in ADHD symptoms, changes in medication management intensity, starting or stopping medications altogether, or other factors not yet evaluated."
Atomoxetine Improved Response Inhibition in Adults with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. (Biol Psychiatry. 2007)
Efficacy and safety of atomoxetine for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents-meta-analysis and meta-regression analysis. (Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2007)
[Effect of extended-release methylphenidate on the ecological executive function for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.] (Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao. 2007)
[Effect of methylphenidate on executive function for children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.] (Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao. 2007)
Pediatric atomoxetine ingestions reported to Texas poison control centers, 2003-2005. (J Toxicol Environ Health A. 2007)
Atomoxetine versus methylphenidate in paediatric outpatients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a randomized, double-blind comparison trial. (Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2007)
Efficacy of a novel biphasic controlled-release methylphenidate formula in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study. (J Clin Psychiatry. 2007)
Pharmacotherapy of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: nonstimulant medication approaches. (Expert Rev Neurother. 2007)
A double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study of osmotic release oral system methylphenidate in adults with ADHD with assessment of oppositional and emotional dimensions of the disorder. (J Clin Psychiatry. 2007) "Convergent evidence from different assessments and raters confirms methylphenidate’s efficacy in relieving ADHD symptoms in some children with PDD. Optimal dose analyses suggested significant interindividual variability in dose response. CONCLUSIONS: OROS methylphenidate proved effective in treating adult ADHD. ADHD alone was relatively uncommon. Over 80% of our patients had ADHD with a combination of emotional and/or oppositional symptoms."
Consumer Reports Best Buy Drugs: Treating Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Exercise
General Information
Efficacy of the Incredible Years Basic parent training programme as an early intervention for children with conduct problems and ADHD. (Child Care Health Dev. 2007)
Curing dyslexia and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder by training motor co-ordination: Miracle or myth? (J Paediatr Child Health. 2007)
Differential stimulant response on attention in children with comorbid anxiety and oppositional defiant disorder. (J Child Neurol. 2007)
Systematic review of the effectiveness of pharmacological treatments for adolescents and adults with autism spectrum disorder. (Autism. 2007)
Kids Treated for Attention Deficit Get Better in a Few Years "Most children treated for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder -- whether with medication, therapy or both -- improve greatly within a few years, according to a three-year study out today. They're still more likely than the average child to break laws and take drugs by early adolescence, a link that was suggested in earlier research. But those who get into trouble tend to be children with other mental disorders, not just ADHD, says lead author Peter Jensen, director of the Center for the Advancement of Children's Mental Health at Columbia University. "
Manifestation of Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Available Treatment Options
Guidelines
Medication Guide for treating ADHD
Guide helps parents weigh risks of ADHD meds " "I think this guide provides some very balanced information about risks, benefits and how to judge what is best for your child ... whether that includes drug treatment or not," Gregg said."
Internet Sites
Treatment Information
Treating Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Drug-Food-Supplement Information
DrugDigest (drug interactions)
FDA - Drug Interactions: What You Should Know
NIH - Botanical Dietary Supplements: Background Information
NIH - Drug, Supplements, and Herbal Information
NIH - Herbal Supplements: Consider Safety, Too
NIH - Vitamin and Mineral Supplement Fact Sheets
Nutrition
Other
Other Treatments
Training ADHD kids’ brains may boost conduct "Training the brains of children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) using a technique called neurofeedback can improve their behavior and reduce hyperactivity and impulsivity, according to a team of Swiss and German researchers."
Experimental
DNA damage in rats after treatment with methylphenidate. (Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2007)
Supplements-Vitamins-CAM
Effects of Iron Supplementation on Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Children. (Pediatr Neurol. 2008)
Lifestyle and Complementary Therapies for ADHD: How Health Professionals Can Approach Patients
Effect of Melatonin on Sleep, Behavior, and Cognition in ADHD and Chronic Sleep-Onset Insomnia. (Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 2007) "Conclusion: Melatonin advanced circadian rhythms of sleep-wake and endogenous melatonin and enhanced total time asleep in children with ADHD and chronic sleep onset insomnia; however, no effect was found on problem behavior, cognitive performance, or quality of life."
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