Antioxidants - Oxidative Stress
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Antioxidants and Oxidative Stress
General Information
NEWS:
Antioxidant Riches Found in Unexpected Foods
Antioxidant Vitamins May Increase Mortality " … the antioxidant supplements as a whole significantly increased mortality, and beta-carotene, vitamin A, and vitamin E were all associated with increased mortality when given alone or in combination. Vitamin C and selenium had no significant effect on mortality."
Antioxidants Do Not Prevent Macular Degeneration "A meta-analysis of the pooled data from these studies showed that the antioxidants under investigation - vitamins A, C, E; zinc, lutein, zeaxanthin; alpha and beta carotene; beta cryptoxanthin and lycopene -- had little to no effect on the incidence of early AMD. Similarly, the three randomized controlled trials failed to reveal any benefit of antioxidant supplementation -- vitamin E, alpha tocopherol, and beta carotene -- for primary prevention of AMD. … Cigarette smoking was "the only widely accepted modifiable risk factor for the primary prevention of AMD," "
Antioxidants may reduce noise-induced hearing loss "In experiments with guinea pigs, researchers found that a combination of antioxidants -- vitamins A, C and E, plus magnesium -- seemed to protect the animals from noise-induced hearing loss."
Boiled Peanuts Pack Big Antioxidant Punch "They found that boiled peanuts - South Carolina's official snack food - contained up to four times more isoflavones than raw peanuts or oil- and dry-roasted ones."
"Cloudy" apple juice packs more antioxidants "When it comes to apple juice, "cloudier" may mean healthier, according to a study published Monday. In a head-to-head comparison of apple juices, Polish researchers found that pulpy, non-clarified juice carried a greater antioxidant punch than clear juice. Antioxidants are compounds that neutralize free radicals, molecules that can damage body cells and contribute to disease. Unlike cloudy apple juice, the much more common clear variety undergoes additional processing to remove any apple solids. Manufacturers typically think the public will favor the more attractive, clear juice over its cloudy cousin, and retailers prefer the clear variety for its longer shelf life. "
Diet Of Walnuts, Blueberries Improve Cognition; May Help Maintain Brain Function "Walnuts contain alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), an essential omega-3 fatty acid, and other polyphenols that act as antioxidants and may actually block the signals produced by free radicals that can later produce compounds that would increase inflammation … show for the first time that shorter chain fatty acids found in plants, such as walnuts, may have beneficial effects on cognition similar to those from long chain fatty acids derived from animal sources, which have been reported previously. … Another avenue of research regarding a link between diet and the brain shows that blueberries contain compounds that can reduce inflammation in the central nervous system. Inflammation in the central nervous system is known to be a key issue in the progression of neurodegeneration, and dietary intake of blueberries has been shown to alleviate cognitive decline associated with disease and aging."
Mediterranean Diet Rich in Olive Oil and Walnuts Protects Against Oxidative Damage "Olive oil, a rich source of monounsaturated fatty acids, is a main component of the Mediterranean diet, and virgin olive oil retains all the lipophilic components of the fruit and phenolic compounds with strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, said Covas. Tree nuts, which are common to the Mediterranean diet, also have a favorable fatty acid profile and are a rich source of nutrients and other bioactive compounds, such as fiber, phytosterols, folic acid, and antioxidants, which may beneficially influence the risk for CHD, she told heartwire. … "
New Insights Into How Natural Antioxidants Fight Fat "Their results showed that fat cells exposed to certain antioxidants had lower levels of an enzyme that forms triglycerides and accumulated lower levels of triglycerides -- fatty materials which at high levels increase the risk of heart disease. The findings suggest that these compounds could be effective in improving the symptoms of metabolic syndrome, a cluster of symptoms like obesity and high blood sugar that increase the risk of heart disease, the researchers said."
Ripe Fruit Contains Highly Active Antioxidants
WACS: Antioxidant Vitamins a Bust at CV Protection "Taking vitamin C, vitamin E, or beta-carotene supplements had no apparent effect on the long-term risk of major cardiovascular events, including stroke or death, in a trial that randomized thousands of women considered at high cardiovascular (CV) risk and followed them for an average of about nine years."
ARTICLES:
Delicious sources of antioxidants for healthy summer eating "Topping the list for antioxidant content were blackberries, walnuts, strawberries, artichokes, cranberries, coffee, raspberries, pecans, blueberries, and ground cloves (see “Antioxidant-rich foods”)."
JOURNAL ARTICLES:
A comparison of arteries and veins in oxidative stress: producers, destroyers, function, and disease. (Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 2007)
Alcohol-induced oxidative stress. (Life Sci. 2007)
Almond consumption reduces oxidative DNA damage and lipid peroxidation in male smokers. (J Nutr. 2007) "These results suggest almond intake can enhance antioxidant defenses and diminish biomarkers of oxidative stress in smokers."
Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of curcumin. (Adv Exp Med Biol. 2007)
Antioxidants and cardioprotection. (Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2007)
Antioxidants: A tale of two stories. (Drug News Perspect. 2007) “The production of oxidative species (free radicals) is very common in many types of cancer cells. This oxidative stress has been associated with the carcinogenic process as it can damage cellular proteins and lipids and form DNA adducts. Antioxidants interact with these oxidative species and reduce their (pro)neoplastic activity. Therefore, intake of antioxidants has been hypothesized to interfere with carcinogenesis. Chemoprevention by dietary or supplemental antioxidants is a strategy which aims at reducing the incidence and prevalence of cancer.”
Anti-oxidants from green tea and pomegranate for chemoprevention of prostate cancer. (Mol Biotechnol. 2007)
Associations of antioxidant nutrients and oxidative DNA damage in healthy african-american and white adults. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2007)
Atherosclerosis and Oxidant Stress: The End of the Road for Antioxidant Vitamin Treatment? (Cardiovasc Drugs Ther. 2007) "Oxidant stress plays a pivotal role in atherogenesis, however, the clinical promise of antioxidant vitamins has failed to translate into clinical benefit. Increasing evidence suggests that more rigorous clinical trial designs are necessary to effectively divulge antioxidant utility and that a multifaceted antioxidant approach to atherosclerosis may yield the most clinical reward."
Cancer Chemoprevention Through Dietary Antioxidants: Progress and Promise. (Antioxid Redox Signal. 2007)
Changes in antioxidant enzymes in humans with long-term exposure to pesticides. (Toxicol Lett. 2007)
Chronic inflammation and oxidative stress in human carcinogenesis. (Int J Cancer. 2007) "A wide array of chronic inflammatory conditions predispose susceptible cells to neoplastic transformation. In general, the longer the inflammation persists, the higher the risk of cancer. A mutated cell is a sine qua non for carcinogenesis. Inflammatory processes may induce DNA mutations in cells via oxidative/nitrosative stress. This condition occurs when the generation of free radicals and active intermediates in a system exceeds the system's ability to neutralize and eliminate them. Inflammatory cells and cancer cells themselves produce free radicals and soluble mediators such as metabolites of arachidonic acid, cytokines and chemokines, which act by further producing reactive species. These, in turn, strongly recruit inflammatory cells in a vicious circle."
Effects of basal level of antioxidants on oxidative DNA damage in humans. (Eur J Nutr. 2007) "CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that oxidative DNA damage shows limited but significant response to antioxidants analyzed in this study and is more affected by many other cellular functions like antioxidant enzymes or DNA repair enzymes as well as genetics."
Enrichment of coenzyme Q10 in plasma and blood cells: defense against oxidative damage. (Int J Biol Sci. 2007)
Fruit and vegetable intakes, dietary antioxidant nutrients, and total mortality in Spanish adults: findings from the Spanish cohort of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC-Spain) (Am J Clin Nutr 2007) "Conclusions: A high intake of fresh fruit, root vegetables, and fruiting vegetables is associated with reduced mortality, probably as a result of their high content of vitamin C, provitamin A carotenoids, and lycopene. Antioxidant capacity could partly explain the effect of ascorbic acid and provitamin A but not the association with lycopene."
Green tea polyphenols as an anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory agent for cardiovascular protection. (Cardiovasc Hematol Disord Drug Targets. 2007) "Thus, EGCG effectively mitigates cellular damage by lowering the inflammatory reaction and reducing the lipid peroxidation and NO generated radicals leading to the oxidative stress. Green tea is proposed to be a dietary supplement in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases in which oxidative stress and proinflammation are the principal causes."
Melatonin protects against oxidative damage and restores expression of GLUT4 gene in the hyperthyroid rat heart. (J Pineal Res. 2007) " These data show that melatonin ameliorates hypertrophic growth of the myocardium induced by hyperthyroidism …"
Mortality in Randomized Trials of Antioxidant Supplements for Primary and Secondary Prevention (JAMA. 2007) "Treatment with beta carotene, vitamin A, and vitamin E may increase mortality. The potential roles of vitamin C and selenium on mortality need further study."
Olive oil and oxidative stress. (Mol Nutr Food Res. 2007) "Oxidative stress is defined as an imbalance between the oxidant and antioxidant systems of the body, in favor of the oxidants. Oxidative stress produced by free radicals has been linked to the development of several diseases such as cardiovascular, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases Olive oil is the main source of fat of the Mediterranean diet which has been shown to be effective against oxidative stress associated diseases and also with ageing."
Oxidative stress and cardiac repair/remodeling following infarction. (Am J Med Sci. 2007)
[Oxidative stress and inflammation: hypothesis for the mechanism of aging] (Nippon Ganka Gakkai Zasshi. 2007)
Oxidative stress and oxidative DNA damage is characteristic for mixed Alzheimer disease/vascular dementia. (J Neurol Sci. 2007) "Oxidative stress/DNA damage is an important factor that may be involved in pathogenesis of mixed dementia. It is likely that treatment of these patients with antioxidants may slow down the progression of the disease."
Oxidative stress and total antioxidant status in myocardial infarction. (Singapore Med J. 2007)
Oxidative stress and wasting in cancer. (Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2007)
Oxidative stress as a risk factor for osteoporosis in elderly Mexican as characterized by antioxidant enzymes. (BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2007)
Oxidative Stress Is Associated with Clinical Severity of Nausea and Vomiting of Pregnancy. (Am J Perinatol. 2007)
Oxidative Stress Markers Are Associated with Persistent Atrial Fibrillation. (Clin Chem. 2007)
Oxidative stress, chronic disease, and muscle wasting. (Muscle Nerve. 2007) "Underlying the pathogenesis of chronic disease is the state of oxidative stress. Oxidative stress is an imbalance in oxidant and antioxidant levels. If an overproduction of oxidants overwhelms the antioxidant defenses, oxidative damage of cells, tissues, and organs ensues. In some cases, oxidative stress is assigned a causal role in disease pathogenesis, whereas in others the link is less certain. Along with underlying oxidative stress, chronic disease is often accompanied by muscle wasting."
ROLE OF FREE RADICALS AND ANTIOXIDANTS IN HEALTH AND DISEASE. (Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand). 2007) "Over the past few decades, free radicals, highly reactive and thereby destructive molecules, are known increasingly for their importance to human health and disease. Many common and life threatening human diseases, including atherosclerosis, diabetes, cancer, and aging, have free radical reactions as an underlying mechanism of injury. Because our body is continuously exposed to free radicals and other ROS, from both external sources (sunlight, other forms of radiation, pollution) and generated endogenously, ROS-mediated tissue injury is a final common pathway for a number of disease processes. Radicals of oxygen (superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical, and peroxy- radicals), reactive non-radical oxygen species such as hydrogen peroxide and singlet oxygen, as well as carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur radicals comprise the variety of reactive molecules that can cause damage to cell."
Studies of the Antioxidative Effects of Green and Black Tea (Camellia sinensis) Extracts in Rats. (J Med Food. 2007) "These results suggest that tea extracts have antioxidant properties and that green tea extract is more potent."
Testing the 'free radical theory of aging' hypothesis: physiological differences in long-lived and short-lived colubrid snakes. (Aging Cell. 2007) "Longer-lived colubrid snakes have greater locomotor performance and reduced hydrogen peroxide production than short-lived species, while whole animal metabolic rates and mitochondrial efficiency did not differ with lifespan."
The antioxidant role of coenzyme Q. (Mitochondrion. 2007) "This compound is our only endogenously synthesized lipid soluble antioxidant, present in all membranes and exceeding both in amount and efficiency that of other antioxidants. The protective effect is extended to lipids, proteins and DNA mainly because of its close localization to the oxidative events and the effective regeneration by continuous reduction at all locations."
The oxidative hypothesis of senescence. (J Postgrad Med. 2007) "The oxidative hypothesis of senescence, since its origin in 1956, has garnered significant evidence and growing support among scientists for the notion that free radicals play an important role in ageing, either as "damaging" molecules or as signaling molecules. Age-increasing oxidative injuries induced by free radicals, higher susceptibility to oxidative stress in short-lived organisms, genetic manipulations that alter both oxidative resistance and longevity and the anti-ageing effect of caloric restriction and intermittent fasting are a few examples of accepted scientific facts that support the oxidative theory of senescence."
The potential of melatonin in reducing morbidity-mortality after craniocerebral trauma. (J Pineal Res. 2007) " Some of the actions of melatonin that support its pharmacological use after CCT include its role as a scavenger of both oxygen and nitrogen-based reactants, stimulation of the activities of a variety of antioxidative enzymes (e.g. superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and catalase), inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines and activation-adhesion molecules which consequently reduces lymphocytopenia and infections by opportunistic organisms. The chronobiotic capacity of melatonin may also reset the natural circadian rhythm of sleep and wakefulness. Melatonin reduces the toxicity of the drugs used in the treatment of CCT and increases their efficacy. Finally, melatonin crosses the blood-brain barrier and reduces contusion volume and stabilizes cellular membranes preventing vasospasm and apoptosis of endothelial cells that occurs as a result of CCT."
[The potential role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of the age-related macular degeneration (AMD)] (Postepy Hig Med Dosw (Online). 2007) "The findings demonstrated that micronutrient supplementation enhances antioxidant defense and might prevent or retard AMD or modify the course of the disease."
The quercetin paradox. (Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2007) "Free radical scavenging antioxidants, such as quercetin, are chemically converted into oxidation products when they protect against free radicals. The main oxidation product of quercetin, however, displays a high reactivity towards thiols, which can lead to the loss of protein function. … Apparently, the potential toxicity of metabolites formed during the actual antioxidant activity of free radical scavengers should be considered in antioxidant supplementation."
Update: effects of antioxidant and non-antioxidant vitamin supplementation on immune function. (Nutr Rev. 2007)
Using Nutrition for Intervention and Prevention against Environmental Chemical Toxicity and Associated Diseases. (Environ Health Perspect. 2007) "DISCUSSION: Certain diets can contribute to compromised health by being a source of exposure to environmental toxic pollutants. Many of these pollutants are fat soluble, and thus fatty foods often contain higher levels of persistent organics than does vegetable matter. Nutrition can dictate the lipid milieu, oxidative stress, and antioxidant status within cells. The modulation of these parameters by an individual's nutritional status may have profound affects on biological processes, and in turn influence the effects of environmental pollutants to cause disease or dysfunction. For example, potential adverse health effects associated with exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls may increase as a result of ingestion of certain dietary fats, whereas ingestion of fruits and vegetables, rich in antioxidant and anti-inflammatory nutrients or bioactive compounds, may provide protection."
Vascular oxidative stress in Alzheimer disease. (J Neurol Sci. 2007)
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