Bipolar Disorder

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Bipolar Disorder

NIH - Medical Encyclopedia Bipolar disorder

"There are two primary types of bipolar disorder. People with bipolar disorder I have had at least one fully manic episode with periods of major depression. (In the past, bipolar disorder I was called manic depression.) People with bipolar disorder II seldom experience full-fledged mania. Instead they experience periods of hypomania (elevated levels of energy and impulsiveness that are not as extreme as the symptoms of mania). These hypomanic periods alternate with episodes of major depression."

Highlighted Article

Clinical features of bipolar depression versus major depressive disorder in large multicenter trials. (Am J Psychiatry. 2006)

"RESULTS: Bipolar depression was associated with family history of bipolar disorder, an earlier age at onset, a greater previous number of depressive episodes … Fears were more common in patients with bipolar disorder, whereas sadness; insomnia; intellectual (cognitive), somatic (muscular), respiratory, genitourinary complaints; and depressed behavior were more common in patients with unipolar depression."

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Bipolar Disorder

Diagnosis, Imaging, and Screening

Bipolar spectrum disorder: differential diagnosis and treatment. (Prim Care. 2007) "Bipolar disorder commonly presents as a recurrent mood disorder characterized by frequent depressive episodes. Although manic or hypomanic phases are required for the diagnosis to be made based on current diagnostic criteria, a wider expression of mood instability and other historical features or family history may suggest the presence of a bipolar spectrum illness."

Cognitive impairment in later life in patients with early-onset bipolar disorder. (Bipolar Disord. 2007) “Conclusions: There appeared to be a sizable proportion of elderly early-onset bipolar patients having cognitive impairment. It is suggested that clinical manifestation of first-onset affective episode and impact of medical comorbidity affect the cognition of early-onset BD in later life.”

Corpus callosum areas in first-episode patients with bipolar disorder. (Psychol Med. 2007)

Differentiating bipolar disorder in Turkish prepubertal children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (Bipolar Disorders 2007) "Results: Twelve children (8.2%) had comorbid bipolar disorder (ADHD + BPD). The ADHD + BPD group had significantly higher rates of depressive disorders, oppositional defiant disorder, panic disorder and a family history of bipolar disorder compared with the ADHD group. The ADHD + BPD group had significantly more problems on the CBCL scale (anxiety/depression, social problems, thought problems, aggression, externalization, and total score) and on the P–YMRS (all items except for insight) compared with the ADHD group."

Hippocampal CA1 Pyramidal Cell Size is Reduced in Bipolar Disorder. (Cell Mol Neurobiol. 2007)

Increased anterior cingulate cortex volume in bipolar I disorder. (Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2007)

Mood and anxiety spectrum as a means to identify clinically relevant subtypes of bipolar I disorder (Bipolar Disorders 2007) "Conclusions: We found substantial clinical heterogeneity among individuals with BD I and found that the levels of lifetime depressive, manic, panic-agoraphobic, and obsessive-compulsive spectrum symptoms identify three distinct subtypes characterized by differences in demographic and clinical variables. These results may have implications for research on the neurobiology, genetics, and treatment of BD I."

Neuron somal size is decreased in the lateral amygdalar nucleus of subjects with bipolar disorder. (J Psychiatry Neurosci. 2007) "CONCLUSIONS: These findings add to increasing evidence for neuropathological changes in the amygdala of subjects with BD and specifically implicate the LAN and ABPC in this disorder."

Predominant polarity in bipolar disorder: Diagnostic implications. (J Affect Disord. 2007)

Progressive Gray Matter Loss in Patients with Bipolar Disorder. (Biol Psychiatry. 2007) "CONCLUSIONS: Patients with BPD lose hippocampal, fusiform and cerebellar gray matter at an accelerated rate compared with healthy control subjects. This tissue loss is associated with deterioration in cognitive function and illness course."

Psychotherapy through the phases of bipolar disorder: Evidence for general efficacy and differential effects. (J Clin Psychol. 2007)

Psychotic features in bipolar and unipolar depression. (Bipolar Disord. 2007)

Reduced Amygdala Volumes in First-Episode Bipolar Disorder and Correlation with Cerebral White Matter (Biological Psychiatry 2007) "These findings indicate that amygdala volume deficits are present early in the course of bipolar disorder and may occur within a neuroanatomical context of reduced cerebral white matter."

Screening for bipolar disorder. (Am J Manag Care. 2007) "About half of bipolar patients have consulted 3 or more professionals before receiving a correct diagnosis, and the average time to first treatment is 10 years. It is imperative that clinicians carefully assess patients for bipolar disorder, especially those presenting with depression."

The early manifestations of bipolar disorder: a longitudinal prospective study of the offspring of bipolar parents (Bipolar Disorders 2007) "Conclusions: Despite a specific genetic risk, BD began with non-specific psychopathology and/or depressive disorders in a majority of offspring. Therefore, diagnosis based only on cross-sectional assessment of symptoms appears to be insufficient for the accurate early detection of emerging BD. Other parameters such as family history and associated antecedents should be taken into account."

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Bipolar Disorder

Bipolar Disorder

Bipolar Disorder

Diagnosis, Imaging, and Screening

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