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Breast Cancer

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Breast Cancer

NIH - Medical Encyclopedia Breast cancer

"There are several different types of breast cancer. Ductal carcinoma begins in the cells lining the ducts that bring milk to the nipple and accounts for more than 75% of breast cancers. Lobular carcinoma begins in the milk-secreting glands of the breast but is otherwise fairly similar in its behavior to ductal carcinoma. Other varieties of breast cancer can arise from the skin, fat, connective tissues, and other cells present in the breast. … Some women have what is known as HER2-positive breast cancer. HER2, short for human epidermal growth factor receptor-2, is a gene that helps control cell growth, division, and repair. When cells have too many copies of this gene, cell growth speeds up. It’s believed that HER2 plays a key role in turning healthy cells into cancerous ones. Some women with breast cancer have too much HER2, and are therefore considered HER2-positive. … Some families appear to have a genetic tendency for breast cancer. Two variant genes have been found that appear to account for this: BRCA1 and BRCA2. … The body's reduced ability to get rid of abnormal cells leads to damage that gradually accumulates. Women carrying mutated BRCA1 and/or BRCA2 genes start with pre-existing dysfunction of this system and have a "head start" in this damaging process. Hormones are important because they encourage cell growth. High levels of hormones during a woman's reproductive years, especially when they are not interrupted by the hormonal changes of pregnancy, appear to increase the chances that genetically damaged cells will grow and cause cancer."

Breast lumps: Types of lumps and what they mean

Highlighted Articles

Mammographic Breast Density as a General Marker of Breast Cancer Risk (Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention 2007)

"Overall mammographic density seems to represent a general marker of breast cancer risk that is not specific to breast side or location of the eventual cancer."

Lifetime physical activity and the risk of breast cancer: A case-control study. (Cancer Detect Prev. 2007)

"Conclusions: These data are in concordance with the hypothesis that lifetime total physical activity is associated with decreased breast cancer risk. They also suggest that recreational physical activity at ages 14-20 years is the most beneficial. In addition, these findings confirm the majority of previous reports which implicated physical inactivity as important risk factor for breast cancer."

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NCI - Breast Cancer (PDQ®): Prevention

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Breast Cancer

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NEWS:

Breast Cancer More Aggressive in Black Women "Black women diagnosed with breast cancer have more advanced and more aggressive disease than do white women, a new study found. "It has been known for a long time that black women have a lower incidence of breast cancer than do white women, [yet] the mortality rate is higher in African-American women," said study leader Dr. Gloria Morris, assistant professor of medicine at the Kimmel Cancer Center at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, in Philadelphia."

Breast Cancer Mortality Rates Decreasing "Breast cancer patients with estrogen receptor (ER)-positive tumors may stand a better chance of surviving breast cancer than those with ER-negative tumors, according to the results of a recent study. … Researchers suggest death rates among patients with ER-positive tumors may be lower due to widespread use of screening mammography, which helps in the early detection of slow-growing tumors that tend to be ER-positive."

Doctors Back New Approach on 2nd Opinion "Reluctant to get a second opinion? Consider this: Over half of breast cancer patients had their initial treatment changed when they sought a review at a specialty center. But the question remains whether everybody with cancer really needs to go shopping for a second opinion. And if the first two doctors disagree, do you need a tiebreaker? … Sometimes it was because the original doctor didn't follow national treatment guidelines. Five patients, for example, had been told to get a mastectomy when they were good candidates for breast-conserving lumpectomy instead."

Left-sided breast cancer radiation ups heart risk "Women with early-stage cancer of the left breast who are treated with radiation as a component of breast-sparing treatment, have an increased risk of developing radiation-related coronary damage, researchers report."

Study confirms breast cancer worse in US blacks"Blacks are also far more likely to have a form of cancer called estrogen receptor-negative cancer -- the type that is not helped by estrogen-based drugs such as tamoxifen."

What Elizabeth Edwards Can Expect "Cells from malignant tumors can spread to other parts of the body by breaking away from the original or primary tumor and entering the bloodstream or lymphatic system. The cells invade other organs and form new tumors that damage these organs. The spread of cancer is called metastasis. When breast-cancer cells spread, the cancer cells are often found in lymph nodes near the breast. Also, breast cancer can spread to almost any other part of the body. The most common are the bones, liver, lungs and brain. The new tumor has the same kind of abnormal cells and the same name as the primary tumor."

ARTICLES:

Breast lumps: Types of lumps and what they mean

Types of breast cancer

JOURNAL ARTICLES:

A prospective study of vegetarianism and isoflavone intake in relation to breast cancer risk in British women. (Int J Cancer. 2007)

An overview of prognostic factors for long-term survivors of breast cancer. (Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2007) "RESULTS: 10-year breast cancer survivors showed 90% 5-year relative survival. Tumor size, nodal status and grade remained the most important prognostic factors for long-term survival, although their role decreased over time. Most studies agreed on the long-term prognostic values of MI (mitotic index), LVI (lymphovascular invasion), Her2-positivity, gene profiling and comorbidity for either all or a subgroup of breast cancer patients (node-positive or negative). The roles of age, socioeconomic status, histological type, BRCA and p53 mutation were mixed, often decreasing after correction for stronger prognosticators, thus limiting their clinical value. Local and regional recurrence, metastases and second cancer may substantially impair long-term survival. Healthy lifestyle was consistently related to lower overall mortality."

Axillary lymph node micrometastases in invasive breast cancer: national figures on incidence and overall survival. (APMIS. 2007)

Bone metastases in breast cancer: higher prevalence of osteosclerotic lesions. (Radiol Med (Torino). 2007) "CONCLUSIONS: We observed an increasing prevalence of osteosclerotic bone metastasis when comparing the 1996-2000 period with the 2001-2005 period. The significance of these distribution changes is not clear. However, we found a significant correlation of osteosclerotic lesions with zoledronic acid treatment. The advent of third generation bisphosphonates may have changed the CT appearance of bone metastasis from breast cancer."

Brain metastases in patients with advanced breast cancer. (Anticancer Res. 2007)

Breast cancer in elderly women: a different reality? Results from the NORA study. (Ann Oncol. 2007)

Breast Cancer in First-degree Relatives and Risk of Lung Cancer: Assessment of the Existence of Gene-Sex Interactions. (Jpn J Clin Oncol. 2007)

Breast Cancer Mortality Trends in the United States According to Estrogen Receptor Status and Age at Diagnosis (Journal of Clinical Oncology 2007)

Hormone Receptor Status, Tumor Characteristics, and Prognosis: A Prospective Cohort of Breast Cancer Patients (Breast Cancer Res. 2007)

Impact of aging on the biology of breast cancer. (Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2007)

Incidence and prognosis of synchronous and metachronous bilateral breast cancer. (J Clin Oncol. 2007)

Is Breast Cancer Ever Cured? (Medscape General Surgery. 2007)

Left-handers 'at greater breast cancer risk' "A study on breast cancer incidence reported in the journal Epidemiology found that left-handed women appeared to have a much higher risk of developing the disease than right-handed. The difference was up to 140% higher in pre-menopausal women, generally those younger than 50."

Leukemia following breast cancer: an international population-based study of 376,825 women. (Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2007) "CONCLUSIONS: Although secondary leukemia is a rare event, BC survivors experience statistically significant excesses for at least 25 years after diagnosis, including CML and ALL. Decreasing leukemia risks in recent calendar years likely reflect changes in treatment."

Melatonin, environmental light, and breast cancer. (Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2007)

Minimally invasive approaches for diagnosis and treatment of early-stage breast cancer. (Oncologist. 2007)

Multifocal breast cancer in women (Cancer. 2007) "CONCLUSIONS.: Multifocality does not appear to influence prognosis in patients < 35 years of age. Nuclear grade continues to be an important prognostic factor for breast cancer in this age group."

NSAID use and breast cancer risk in the VITAL cohort. (Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2007) "CONCLUSIONS: We did not find evidence of a global protective effect of NSAID use for the development of breast cancer. However, long-term moderate use (frequent use of low doses or moderate frequency of high doses) was associated with reduced risk, while frequent use of higher dose products was associated with increased risk."

[Paradoxical interactions between pregnancy and breast cancer.] (Gynecol Obstet Fertil. 2007)

Pregnancy and the risk of breast cancer. (Endocr Relat Cancer. 2007)

Prospective study of Outcomes in Sporadic versus Hereditary breast cancer (POSH): Study Protocol. (BMC Cancer. 2007)

Psychological distress and fatigue predicted recurrence and survival in primary breast cancer patients. (Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2007) "Low psychological distress and a low level of fatigue may cause a greater cancer resistance or may reflect underlying mental and physical robustness."

Recreational Physical Activity and Mammographic Breast Density Characteristics (Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention 2007)

Rising Incidence Rates of Breast Carcinoma With Micrometastatic Lymph Node Involvement. (J Natl Cancer Inst. 2007)

Risk of Breast Cancer After Exposure to Fertility Drugs: Results from a Large Danish Cohort Study (Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention 2007)

Risk of breast cancer associated with short-term use of oral contraceptives. (Cancer Causes Control. 2007) "CONCLUSIONS: These associations may result from underlying characteristics of users or unmeasured factors influencing duration of use and breast cancer risk."

Serum calcium and breast cancer risk: results from a prospective cohort study of 7,847 women. (Cancer Causes Control. 2007) "In premenopausal women, serum calcium levels were inversely associated with breast cancer risk in a dose-response manner."

The experience of hot flushes after breast cancer. (Cancer Nurs. 2007)

The impact of diabetes on survival following breast cancer. (Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2007) "Conclusion This study found that diabetes was associated with a close to 40% increase in mortality within the first 5 years following breast cancer, which was similar to that seen in women with diabetes without breast cancer. These findings suggest that early survival following breast cancer is reduced in women with diabetes, possibly due to diabetes-related causes."

The importance of prognostic factors in premenopausal women with breast cancer. (Anticancer Res. 2007) "BACKGROUND: Basic conventional prognostic factors for breast cancer include the age of the patient, tumor grade, regional lymph nodes status, and estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PR) receptor status. Positivity of the HER2 receptor (c-erbB-2) seems to be a new prognostic and predictive factor. Prognostic factors seem to be more important in the high-risk group of the premenopausal females. We evaluated individual prognostic factors (age, histology, TNM classification, ER, PR, CA 15-3, CEA, HER2) and their impact on disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) during the 5-year follow-up period."

The risk of non-sentinel metastases in primary breast cancer. (Anticancer Res. 2007)

Trends in the prognosis of patients with primary metastatic breast cancer diagnosed between 1975 and 2002. (Breast. 2007)

 

 

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