Lung Cancer

• Diagnosis, Imaging, Screening
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• Internet Sites
• Risk Factors
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Lung Cancer is a new InfoMedSearch topic - started January 1, 2007.

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Lung Cancer

Mayo Clinic Lung Cancer

"Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States, among both men and women. It claims more lives than colon, prostate, lymph and breast cancer combined. Yet most of these lung cancer deaths could have been prevented. That's because smoking accounts for nearly 90 percent of lung cancer cases. … Because lung cancer doesn't cause signs or symptoms in its earliest stages, it's often advanced by the time it's diagnosed. When symptoms do occur, the most common warning sign is a cough, which occurs when a tumor irritates the lining of the airways or blocks the passage of air. In addition to a new cough, be alert for: • "Smoker's cough" that worsens • Coughing up blood, even a small amount • Chest pain • Shortness of breath • New onset of wheezing • Repeated bouts of pneumonia or bronchitis • Hoarseness that lasts more than two weeks Lung cancer also may cause fatigue, loss of appetite and weight loss. If it has spread to other parts of your body (metastasized), you may have headaches or bone pain."

Highlighted Article

CancerHelp UK - Types of lung cancer

"There are important differences between lung cancer that started in the lungs and lung cancer that has spread to the lung from another part of the body. … Primary lung cancer (cancer that has started in the lungs) There are several different types of primary lung cancer. These are divided into two main types • Small cell lung cancer • Non-small cell lung cancer ... Secondary lung cancer (cancer that has spread to the lungs) Secondary cancer is cancer that has spread from somewhere else in the body. There are quite a few different cancers that can spread to the lungs, including breast cancer and bowel cancer."

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Lung Cancer

Diagnosis, Imaging, and Screening

NEWS:

CT screening for lung cancer stirs safety, ethics concerns "Radiation exposure from low-dose cancer screening of 2.5 to 9 mGy has been associated with an increase in cancer, according to the authors. Radiation-induced lung cancer is most problematic for patients in their mid-50s, and smokers may be particularly vulnerable. The editorial claimed that repeated CT procedures would significantly increase cancer risk and possibly result in thousands of radiation-induced lung cancers. Furthermore, many chest CT findings are benign, and it appears likely that screening would result in a high number of unnecessary biopsies."

Knee Pain May Signal Lung Cancer "Heavy smokers with knee arthritis may be experiencing an early sign of a difficult-to-treat lung cancer, research shows. … About 85 percent of all lung cancers are non-small cell lung cancer, according to the American Cancer Society. Unless it is caught early, non-small cell lung cancer is difficult to treat. It spreads to the bones in one in five cases and is well advanced by the time it is diagnosed in half of all cases."

Overdiagnosis Common in Lung Cancer Screening

ARTICLES:

JOURNAL ARTICLES:

A minute small-cell lung cancer showing a latent phase early in growth. (Ann Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2007) "Although this solid nodule showed a short overall doubling time (76 days), the growth curve included an early phase without apparent growth prior to the phase of rapid growth. Accordingly, lung cancer cannot be ruled out when a small nodule (<10 mm) does not enlarge in the first several months of computed tomographic follow-up."

Ability of Low-Dose Helical CT To Distinguish Between Benign and Malignant Noncalcified Lung Nodules. (Chest. 2007) "CONCLUSIONS: Helical CT scanning detects many indeterminate nodules, but few are malignant. CT scanning has high sensitivity and specificity to detect early lung cancer. The problem of false-positive results in helical CT scanning is limited and can be rationally managed. Current CT follow-up recommendations are supported."

CT findings of early-stage small cell lung cancer in a low-dose CT screening programme. (Lung Cancer. 2007) "Annual repeat CT screening was useful for detecting SCLC cases mostly at a curable stage, and information about CT features, presented here, should help physicians identify SCLC at an earlier-stage and lead to a more successful treatment of the disease."

[Diagnosis and staging of lung cancer.] (Dtsch Med Wochenschr. 2007)

Diagnostic surgical pathology in lung cancer: ACCP evidence-based clinical practice guidelines (2nd edition). (Chest. 2007)

Dynamic MRI of solitary pulmonary nodules: comparison of enhancement patterns of malignant and benign small peripheral lung lesions. (AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2007) " CONCLUSION: Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI is helpful in differentiating benign from malignant solitary pulmonary nodules. Absence of significant enhancement is a strong predictor that a lesion is benign."

Evaluation of patients with pulmonary nodules: when is it lung cancer?: ACCP evidence-based clinical practice guidelines (2nd edition). (Chest. 2007)

Evidence for the treatment of patients with pulmonary nodules: when is it lung cancer?: ACCP evidence-based clinical practice guidelines (2nd edition). (Chest. 2007)

FDG-PET and CT features of non-small cell lung cancer based on tumor type. (Int J Mol Med. 2007)

FDG-PET: An Important Tool in the Diagnosis of Lung Cancer (Onkologie 2007)

Imaging in the diagnosis and treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. (Respirology. 2007)

Improved non-invasive T-Staging in non-small cell lung cancer by integrated (18)F-FDG PET/CT. (Nuklearmedizin. 2007)

Initial diagnosis of lung cancer: ACCP evidence-based clinical practice guidelines (2nd edition). (Chest. 2007)

Initial evaluation of the patient with lung cancer: symptoms, signs, laboratory tests, and paraneoplastic syndromes: ACCP evidenced-based clinical practice guidelines (2nd edition). (Chest. 2007)

Invasive mediastinal staging of lung cancer: ACCP evidence-based clinical practice guidelines (2nd edition). (Chest. 2007)

Lung cancer screening. (Curr Oncol Rep. 2007)

Natural History of Stage I Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Implications for Early Detection (CHEST 2007) "Conclusion: Long-term survival with untreated stage I NSCLC is uncommon, and the vast majority of untreated patients die of lung cancer. Given that median survival is only 13 months in patients with T1 disease, surgical resection or other ablative therapies should not be delayed even in patients with small lung cancers."

Noninvasive staging of non-small cell lung cancer: ACCP evidenced-based clinical practice guidelines (2nd edition). (Chest. 2007)

[Non-solid and part-solid pulmonary nodules on CT scanning.] (Rev Mal Respir. 2007) “CONCLUSIONS: Nonsolid and part-solid pulmonary nodules found on CT scan warrant a specific diagnostic workup.”

PET Versus PET/CT Dual-Modality Imaging in Evaluation of Lung Cancer. (Radiol Clin North Am. 2007)

PET/CT in non-small cell lung cancer staging-promises and problems. (Clin Radiol. 2007)

Population screening for lung cancer using computed tomography, is there evidence of clinical effectiveness? A systematic review of the literature. (Thorax. 2007) "Currently, there is insufficient evidence that computed tomography screening is clinically effective in reducing mortality from lung cancer."

Positron emission tomography in nonsmall cell lung cancer. (Curr Opin Oncol. 2007)

Predictive and prognostic value of FDG-PET in nonsmall-cell lung cancer: a systematic review. (Cancer. 2007)

Screening for lung cancer: ACCP evidence-based clinical practice guidelines (2nd edition). (Chest. 2007)

Small cell lung cancer presenting as a paraneoplastic syndrome characterized by recurrent episodic hypotension and bradycardia: case report. (Chest. 2007)

Small solid noncalcified pulmonary nodules detected by screening chest computed tomography. (Respir Med. 2007)

Solitary pulmonary nodules: detection, characterization, and guidance for further diagnostic workup and treatment. (AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2007) "CONCLUSION: Information on the morphologic and hemodynamic characteristics of SPNs provided by dynamic helical CT, with high specificity and reasonably high accuracy, can be used for initial assessment. PET/CT is more sensitive at detecting malignancy than dynamic helical CT, and all malignant nodules may be potentially diagnosed as malignant by both techniques. Therefore, PET/CT may be selectively performed to characterize SPNs that show indeterminate results at dynamic helical CT."

Staging and diagnosis of non-small cell lung cancer: Invasive modalities. (Respirology. 2007) "During the staging process of lung cancer, accurate mediastinal lymph node staging is one of the more important factors that affects patient outcome. Several different invasive and non-invasive modalities exist for mediastinal staging. Invasive tests include mediastinoscopy, thoracoscopy, transbronchial needle aspiration, transthoracic needle aspiration, endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration and endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration. Each of the invasive tests has limitations for particular locations, has particular risks and requires specific skills. Invasive tests are often used to confirm the staging of lung cancer, but are also used to obtain a diagnosis."

The Additional Value of FDG PET Imaging for Distinguishing N0 or N1 From N2 Stage in Preoperative Staging of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer in Region Where the Prevalence of Inflammatory Lung Disease Is High. (Clin Nucl Med. 2007) "CONCLUSION:: It has been clearly shown that PET is more accurate than CT for the differentiation of N0 or N1 from N2 disease in patients with NSCLC. However, PET imaging alone does not appear to be sufficient to replace mediastinoscopy for mediastinal staging in patients with lung cancer, especially in geographic regions with high granulomatous or inflammatory mediastinal disease prevalence."

The Effect of Lung Volume on Nodule Size on CT. (Acad Radiol. 2007)

The importance of accurate lymph node staging in early and locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer: an update on available techniques. (J Thorac Oncol. 2007)

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