Prostate Cancer

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Prostate Cancer

NIH - Medical Encyclopedia Prostate cancer

"The cause of prostate cancer is unknown, although some studies have shown a relationship between high dietary fat intake and increased testosterone levels. … Prostate cancer is the third most common cause of death from cancer in men of all ages and is the most common cause of death from cancer in men over 75 years old. Prostate cancer is rarely found in men younger than 40. … Men at higher risk include black men older than 60, farmers, tire plant workers, painters, and men exposed to cadmium. The lowest incidence occurs in Japanese men and vegetarians. Prostate cancers are classified or staged based on their aggressiveness and how different they are from the surrounding prostate tissue. There are several different ways to stage tumors, a common one being the A-B-C-D staging system, also known as the Whitmore-Jewett system: A: Tumor is not palpable (not felt on physical examination), and is usually detected by accident after prostate surgery done for other reasons. B: Tumor is confined to the prostate and usually detected by physical examination or PSA testing. C: Tumor extends beyond the prostate capsule without spread to lymph nodes. D: Cancer has spread (metastasized) to regional lymph nodes or other parts of the body (bone and lungs, for example)."

Highlighted Articles

Body Mass Index, Weight Change, and Risk of Prostate Cancer in the Cancer Prevention Study II Nutrition Cohort (Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention 2007)

" Conclusion: Obesity increases the risk of more aggressive prostate cancer and may decrease either the occurrence or the likelihood of diagnosis of less-aggressive tumors. Men who lose weight may reduce their risk of prostate cancer."

Meat Consumption among Black and White Men and Risk of Prostate Cancer in the Cancer Prevention Study II Nutrition Cohort (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2006)

"No measure of meat consumption was associated with risk of prostate cancer among White men. Among Black men, total red meat intake (processed plus unprocessed red meat) was associated with higher risk of prostate cancer … this increase in risk was mainly due to risk associated with consumption of cooked processed meats (sausages, bacon, and hot dogs … This study suggests that high consumption of cooked processed meats may contribute to prostate cancer risk among Black men in the United States."

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Prostate Cancer

General Information

NEWS:

Obese Men With Prostate Cancer Face Higher Death Risk "Men who are obese when they're diagnosed with prostate cancer are 2.6 times more likely to die of the disease than normal-weight men, new findings suggest."

Tomatoes No Magic Bullet For Prostate Cancer "Lycopene, the much-touted cancer fighting antioxidant found in tomatoes and ketchup, is ineffective in preventing prostate cancer, a new study finds. In fact, higher intake of another antioxidant found in many vegetables, beta-carotene, appears to increase the risk for aggressive prostate cancer, researchers report. Many Americans also take beta-carotene in supplements. "

ARTICLES:

National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Guideline, Version 1.2007 (2007)

NIH - Prostate Cancer

JOURNAL ARTICLES:

Calcium, Vitamin D, and Dairy Product Intake and Prostate Cancer Risk: The Multiethnic Cohort Study. (Am J Epidemiol. 2007)

[Does cigarette smoking influence the survival of patients with prostate cancer?] (Urologe A. 2007) "In our analysis, we demonstrate a worse course for the disease in patients with prostate cancer who smoked cigarettes at the time of first diagnosis. In spite of comparable staging, grading and PSA values at the time of primary diagnosis, individuals who smoked had a threefold higher risk of dying from prostate cancer. This effect is probably caused by metabolic changes which are activated by cigarette smoking and promote tumor growth and the development of metastases."

Does localized prostate cancer exist? (Recent Results Cancer Res. 2007) "More men are treated with curative intent by radical prostatectomy (RP), external beam radiotherapy, or brachytherapy. However, a substantial percentage of patients still experience a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) relapse within 5 years. Biochemical recurrence is observed in approximately 40% of patients who undergo RP, with 95% of those relapses in the first 5 years. To avoid the risk of recurrence, the recent tendency has been to detect PC at a lower PSA level than the level widely accepted (> or = 4.0 ng/ml). But the risk of overdiagnosis and overtreatment is a real problem in the PSA era."

Estrogen and prostate cancer: An eclipsed truth in an androgen-dominated scenario. (J Cell Biochem. 2007)

Fat and meat intake and prostate cancer risk: The multiethnic cohort study. (Int J Cancer. 2007) " … our findings from a large cohort study of ethnically diverse population give no indication that intake of fat and meat substantially affects prostate cancer risk."

Hormonal Predictors of Prostate Cancer. (Urol Int. 2007) "Conclusion: Our data suggest that patients diagnosed with prostate cancer have low levels of serum testosterone and high levels of serum FSH compared with the patients with BPH. No support was found for the theory that high levels of testosterone increase prostate cancer risk. Further studies are needed to clarify the relationship between hormones and prostate cancer etiology."

Long-term outcome for lymph node-positive prostate cancer. (Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. 2007)

Multivitamin use and risk of prostate cancer in the National Institutes of Health-AARP Diet and Health Study. ( Natl Cancer Inst. 2007) "CONCLUSION: These results suggest that regular multivitamin use is not associated with the risk of early or localized prostate cancer. The possibility that men taking high levels of multivitamins along with other supplements have increased risk of advanced and fatal prostate cancers is of concern and merits further evaluation."

Obesity and prostate cancer mortality. (Future Oncol. 2007)

Prevalence, severity, and chronicity of pain and general health-related quality of life in patients with localized prostate cancer. (Eur J Pain. 2007)

[Prostate cancer in Denmark 1943-2002] (Ugeskr Laeger. 2007)

Serum selenium and risk of prostate cancer--a nested case-control study. (Am J Clin Nutr. 2007)

Tea beverage in chemoprevention and chemotherapy of prostate cancer. (Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2007)

The Risk of Prostate Cancer amongst Black Men in the United Kingdom: The PROCESS Cohort Study. (Eur Urol. 2007) "CONCLUSIONS: Black men in the United Kingdom have substantially greater risk of developing prostate cancer compared with white men, although this risk is lower than that of black men in the United States. The similar rates in black Caribbean and black African men suggest a common genetic aetiology, although migration may be associated with an increased risk attributable to a gene-environment interaction."

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