Cholesterol - Lipids - Hyperlipidemia

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Cholesterol

NIH - What Is Cholesterol?

"Blood is watery, and cholesterol is fatty. Just like oil and water, the two do not mix. To travel in the bloodstream, cholesterol is carried in small packages called lipoproteins (lip-o-PRO-teens). The small packages are made of fat (lipid) on the inside and proteins on the outside. Two kinds of lipoproteins carry cholesterol throughout your body. It is important to have healthy levels of both: -- Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol is sometimes called bad cholesterol. High LDL cholesterol leads to a buildup of cholesterol in arteries. The higher the LDL level in your blood, the greater chance you have of getting heart disease. -- High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol is sometimes called good cholesterol. HDL carries cholesterol from other parts of your body back to your liver. The liver removes the cholesterol from your body. The higher your HDL cholesterol level, the lower your chance of getting heart disease."

Highlighted Article

High-density lipoprotein as a therapeutic target: clinical evidence and treatment strategies.

"Niacin therapy, currently the most effective means for raising HDL levels, should be initiated in patients with isolated low HDL (HDL <40 mg/dL, LDL and non-HDL at or below National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) targets based on global cardiovascular risk evaluation). Patients who have both low HDL and elevated LDL should receive a statin or statin-niacin combination therapy, and patients with concomitant low HDL and elevated TGs should receive a fibrate initially, with a statin, niacin, or ezetimibe added thereafter as needed to help attain NCEP lipoprotein targets."

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Cholesterol - Lipids - Hyperlipidemia

Risk Factors

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JOURNAL ARTICLES:

Body mass index of 23 or more is a risk factor for hypertension and hyperlipidemia in Japanese workers. (Percept Mot Skills. 2007)

Mechanisms of disease: genetic causes of familial hypercholesterolemia. (Nat Clin Pract Cardiovasc Med. 2007) "Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is characterized by raised serum LDL cholesterol levels, which result in excess deposition of cholesterol in tissues, leading to accelerated atherosclerosis and increased risk of premature coronary heart disease. FH results from defects in the hepatic uptake and degradation of LDL via the LDL-receptor pathway, commonly caused by a loss-of-function mutation in the LDL-receptor gene (LDLR) or by a mutation in the gene encoding apolipoprotein B (APOB). FH is primarily an autosomal dominant disorder with a gene-dosage effect."

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