Hypertension

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Hypertension

NIH - Medical Encyclopedia: Essential hypertension

"Essential hypertension refers to high blood pressure with no identifiable cause. ...Usually, high blood pressure has no symptoms at all. That is why it is often called the 'silent killer.' "

Highlighted Article

Natural antioxidants from tomato extract reduce blood pressure in patients with grade-1 hypertension: a double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study. (Am Heart J. 2006)

"A short-term treatment with antioxidant-rich tomato extract can reduce blood pressure in patients with grade-1 HT, naive to drug therapy."

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Hypertension

General Information

NEWS:

Heart disease, ocular health share important common ground in women "These fragile vessels, especially those in the highly vascularized retina, can easily become damaged from hypertension, or fall prey to vein occlusions or age-related macular degeneration – all overlapping with cardiovascular complications. Studies have shown that women are more likely than men to show arteriolar narrowing with an increased risk for secondary ocular vascular complication and possible vision loss."

Hypertension Triples Women's Diabetes Risk " "We found that obesity was also a strong and independent risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes. However, statistical analyses showed that the relationship between blood pressure and the onset of type 2 diabetes was similar among women who were normal weight, overweight or obese. There was a threefold increased risk from the lowest to the highest BP category within all three weight categories. This analysis showed that the association between blood pressure and diabetes was not explained by weight alone," lead author Dr. David Conen, a cardiologist and research fellow, said in a prepared statement."

ARTICLES:

High Blood Pressure: FAQs

JOURNAL ARTICLES:

Aerobic exercise improves cardiorespiratory fitness but does not reduce blood pressure in prehypertensive African American women. (Ethn Dis. 2007) "CONCLUSIONS: Ten weeks of 30 minutes of aerobic exercise, three times a week at 70% VO2 peak, is a sufficient stimulus to improve cardiorespiratory fitness and workload achieved. However, this exercise regimen was not adequate in eliciting a simultaneous reduction in systolic, diastolic, or mean arterial blood pressure in this cohort of prehypertensive African American women. Additional studies are needed to determine specific exercise protocols that would be effective in lowering blood pressure in various populations. These exercise protocols may vary across ethnicity, sex, and disease status."

Age and target organ damage in essential hypertension: role of the metabolic syndrome. (Am J Hypertens. 2007) "CONCLUSIONS: In hypertensive patients the MS amplifies TOD regardless of patient's age, thus increasing cardiovascular risk. This synergistic effect may accelerate the early development of TOD in young hypertensives and enhance the age-associated cardiovascular alterations in the elderly."

Alcohol consumption and risk for coronary heart disease among men with hypertension. (Ann Intern Med. 2007) "CONCLUSIONS: In this population of men with hypertension, moderate alcohol consumption was associated with a decreased risk for MI but not with risks for total death or death due to CVD. As in the general population, men with hypertension who drink moderately and safely may not need to change their drinking habits."

[Arterial hypertension prevalence, detection, treatment and control in Cantabria, Spain, 2002] (Rev Esp Salud Publica. 2007) "CONCLUSIONS: Hypertension constitutes a public health problem in Cantabria, since it affects 1 in 3 of the adult population."

Association of androgenetic alopecia and hypertension. (Eur J Dermatol. 2007)

Clinical characteristics of resistant hypertension: the importance of compliance and the role of diagnostic evaluation in delineating pathogenesis. ( Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2007)

Daytime and Nighttime Blood Pressure as Predictors of Death and Cause-Specific Cardiovascular Events in Hypertension (Hypertension 2007) "In conclusion, nighttime blood pressure is in general a better predictor of outcome than daytime pressure in hypertensive patients, and the night–day blood pressure ratio predicts mortality, even after adjustment for 24-hour blood pressure."

Diastolic Blood Pressure and Mortality in the Elderly With Cardiovascular Disease. (Hypertension. 2007) "An "optimal" diastolic pressure of 70 mm Hg in subjects with isolated systolic hypertension was found. We showed that, in the frail elderly, a value of diastolic blood pressure

Essential hypertension. (Lancet. 2007) "Essential hypertension can be defined as a rise in blood pressure of unknown cause that increases risk for cerebral, cardiac, and renal events. In industrialised countries, the risk of becoming hypertensive (blood pressure >140/90 mm Hg) during a lifetime exceeds 90%. Essential hypertension usually clusters with other cardiovascular risk factors such as ageing, being overweight, insulin resistance, diabetes, and hyperlipidaemia. Subtle target-organ damage such as left-ventricular hypertrophy, microalbuminuria, and cognitive dysfunction takes place early in the course of hypertensive cardiovascular disease, although catastrophic events such as stroke, heart attack, renal failure, and dementia usually happen after long periods of uncontrolled hypertension only."

Erectile Dysfunction and Hypertension (Int J Impot Res. 2007) "Recent analyses suggest that about 67-68% of men with hypertension have some degree of erectile dysfunction (ED). With about 25 million men in the US with hypertension, substantial numbers of hypertension-related ED exist that tend to be of a more severe nature than the general population. Men with ED are also more likely to have hypertension. Thiazide diuretic and beta-blocker therapy may contribute to ED."

[Female patients with arterial hypertension.] (Internist (Berl). 2007)

High blood pressure in urban Moroccan Sahraoui women. (J Hypertens. 2007) "Bivariate correlation showed that age and obesity (body mass index, waist-hip ratio and waist circumference) were positively associated with blood pressure whereas education level and time spent in walking activity were negatively associated with blood pressure."

High fructose diet increases mortality in hypertensive rats compared to a complex carbohydrate or high fat diet. (Am J Hypertens. 2007) "BACKGROUND: Chronic hypertension leads to cardiac hypertrophy, heart failure, and premature death. Little is known about the impact of dietary macronutrient composition on hypertension-induced cardiac hypertrophy and mortality. We investigated the effects of consuming either a high complex carbohydrate diet, a high simple sugar diet, or a high fat diet on cardiac hypertrophy and mortality in hypertensive Dahl salt-sensitive (DSS) rats. … CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate that a high fructose diet consumed during hypertension increases mortality and left ventricular (LV) wall thickness compared to either a high fat, high starch, or a "western" diet."

[High prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy in patients with hypertension of long evolution.] (Med Clin (Barc). 2007) "BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is the most frequent manifestation of cardiac damage in hypertension. … CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of LVH assessed by EKG criteria is high among hypertensive population of long evolution."

[Hypertension and cardiac failure.] (Internist (Berl). 2007)

Hypertension and Cognitive Function in the Elderly. (Am J Ther. 2007)

Hypertension and coronary artery disease: a summary of the american heart association scientific statement. (J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2007)

Impact of blood pressure variability on cardiac and cerebrovascular complications in hypertension. (Am J Hypertens. 2007) " CONCLUSIONS: An enhanced variability in SBP during the night-time is an independent predictor of cardiac events in initially untreated hypertensive subjects."

Obesity-hypertension: emerging concepts in pathophysiology and treatment. (Am J Med Sci. 2007)

Prevalence of isolated systolic hypertension in the population over 55 years old. Results from a national study. (Rev Port Cardiol. 2007) "INTRODUCTION: Isolated systolic hypertension (ISH) is an important risk factor for cardiovascular events (myocardial infarction and stroke) and premature mortality, particularly in the elderly population. Among this population, it is an even better predictor of morbidity and mortality than diastolic blood pressure (BP). … CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that ISH prevalence ranges between 20.3% in primary" care patients and 35% in the community, using mean values of both systolic and diastolic BP. ISH prevalence is higher among women; it increases with age, decreasing slightly after the age of 70."

Recognizing asymptomatic elevated blood pressure in ED patients: how good (bad) are we? (Am J Emerg Med. 2007) "CONCLUSIONS: Emergency department physicians recognize, treat, and/or refer only a small percentage of ED patients with AEBP. No difference in identification, treatment, or referral exists based on patient age, sex, race, or insurance status."

Resistant hypertension: a methodological approach to diagnosis and treatment. (Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl. 2007)

The eye in hypertension (The Lancet 2007)"Signs of hypertensive retinopathy are frequently seen in adults 40 years and older, and are predictive of incident stroke, congestive heart failure, and cardiovascular mortality—independently of traditional risk factors. Hypertension is also a major risk factor for the development of other retinal vascular diseases, such as retinal vein and artery occlusion, and ischaemic optic neuropathy. High blood pressure increases the risk of both development of diabetic retinopathy and its progression."

The new "normal" blood pressure: what are the implications for family medicine? (J Am Board Fam Med. 2007) "Background: In 2003, the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure redefined normal blood pressure (BP) as less than 120/80 mm Hg and added the category of prehypertension, recommending that such patients receive counseling on lifestyle modifications. Based on population data, 41.8% of US adults have normal BP, 31% have prehypertension, and the remainder has hypertension."

The prevalence of erectile dysfunction among hypertensive and prehypertensive men aged 25-40 years. (J Sex Med. 2007) "Conclusions. The prevalence of ED is not increased among hypertensive and prehypertensive men compared with normotensive men aged 25-40 years. Moreover, higher blood pressures are not associated with worse erections among all men in this age group. Apparently, it takes years for HTN to cause ED."

Why is blood pressure so hard to control in patients with type 2 diabetes? (J Cardiometab Syndr. 2007)

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