Overweight - Obesity

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Overweight - Obesity

NIH - Medical Encyclopedia Obesity

"Obesity is also defined as a BMI (body mass index) over 30 kg/m2. Patients with a BMI between 25 and 29.9 are considered overweight, but not obese. … Obesity increases a person's risk of illness and death due to diabetes, stroke, coronary artery disease, hypertension, high cholesterol, and kidney and gallbladder disorders. Obesity may increase the risk for some types of cancer. It is also a risk factor for the development of osteoarthritis and sleep apnea. Genetic factors play some part in the development of obesity -- children of obese parents are 10 times more likely to be obese than children with parents of normal weight."

Highlighted Article

[Lifestyle intervention in the treatment of severe obesity.] (Ugeskr Laeger. 2006)

"CONCLUSION: After 15 weeks of intensive lifestyle intervention, there were significant improvements in aerobic fitness and metabolic risk parameters, and the observed weight loss was equivalent to that obtained by surgical treatment. Decisive in the choice of obesity treatment will continue to be the extent of success in permanent weight loss."

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Overweight - Obesity

General Information

NEWS:

75 percent of Americans overweight by 2015 "If people keep gaining weight at the current rate, fat will be the norm by 2015, with 75 percent of U.S. adults overweight and 41 percent obese, U.S. researchers predicted on Wednesday."

Bariatric Surgery Improves Survival in Obese Patients "Bariatric surgery vs conventional treatment of obesity is associated with greater weight loss at up to 15 years, and gastric bypass produces the greatest weight loss. • Bariatric surgery vs conventional treatment of obesity is associated with lower overall mortality at 15 years."

Being Overweight Isn't All Bad, Study Says " "The take-home message is that the relationship between fat and mortality is more complicated than we tend to think," said Katherine M. Flegal, a senior research scientist at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta, who led the study. "It's not a cookie-cutter, one-size-fits-all situation, where excess weight just increases your mortality risk for any and all causes of death." "

Waistlines keep expanding around the globe "Experts say it is not surprising that people across the globe are increasingly becoming overweight. They blame urbanization and the influx of Western ways of life including myriad fast-food choices, little exercise and stressful jobs."

ARTICLES:

Overweight and Obesity

JOURNAL ARTICLES:

A critical examination of the evidence relating high fructose corn syrup and weight gain. (Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr)

BMI, Obesity, and Sickness Absence in the Whitehall II Study. (Obesity (Silver Spring). 2007) "Obesity at age 25 predicted long absences, and obesity at Phase 1 predicted short and long absences in both sexes. Chronic obesity was a particularly strong predictor of long absences in men, with a rate ratio of 2.61 (1.88 to 3.63). DISCUSSION: Findings from this well-characterized cohort suggest that the obesity epidemic in industrialized countries may result in significant increases in sickness absence."

Elevated body mass index and mortality risk in the elderly. (Obes Rev. 2007)

Infections and obesity: A multinational epidemiological study. (Scand J Infect Dis. 2007) "The results suggest that infections with Chlamydia pneumoniae and Helicobacter pylori are both significantly and synergistically associated with overweight and this association is not related to indicators of systemic inflammation."

Late-Life Body Mass Index and Dementia Incidence: Nine-Year Follow-Up Data from the Kungsholmen Project (Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 2007) “CONCLUSION: This study does not confirm that being overweight in late life is a risk factor for dementia, although a protective effect for a BMI greater than 25.0 is suggested. In addition, BMI loss is confirmed as a marker of incipient dementia. The findings suggest that, from a clinical perspective, the cognitive profile of elderly persons with unexplained weight loss should be considered and that being moderately overweight at older ages might be indicative of good health status.“

Obesity and inflammation: a new look at an old problem. (Curr Atheroscler Rep. 2007) "The concept that obesity represents an inflammatory state has gained credence over the past decade and has provided insights into the mechanisms of atherosclerosis and risk factor interaction."

Outdoor exercise reduces the risk of hypovitaminosis D in the obese. (J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2007) " Outdoor exercise had a significant effect on the prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in Hispanics, with a lower prevalence in those performing outdoor exercise (24.1%) compared to those who did not (47.9%). After adjusting for age, gender, and ethnicity, those reporting outdoor exercise were 47% less likely to have hypovitaminosis D, while those with obesity had more than twice the risk. Since outdoor exercise may protect overweight individuals from hypovitaminosis D, prevention programs involving higher doses of vitamin D and/or outdoor exercise may result in additional metabolic and functional benefits in this population."

Prevalence of overweight and obesity in the Netherlands. (Obes Rev. 2007)

Sexual function and obesity (International Journal of Obesity (2007))

The epidemiology of obesity. (Gastroenterology. 2007) "A higher body weight is associated with an increased incidence of a number of conditions, including diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and with an increased risk of disability. Obesity is associated with a modestly increased risk of all-cause mortality. However, the net effect of overweight and obesity on morbidity and mortality is difficult to quantify. It is likely that a gene-environment interaction, in which genetically susceptible individuals respond to an environment with increased availability of palatable energy-dense foods and reduced opportunities for energy expenditure, contributes to the current high prevalence of obesity. Evidence suggests that even without reaching an ideal weight, a moderate amount of weight loss can be beneficial in terms of reducing levels of some risk factors, such as blood pressure."

Vitamin D deficiency is associated with the metabolic syndrome in morbid obesity (Clinical Nutrition 2007)

Weight, Mortality, Years of Healthy Life, and Active Life Expectancy in Older Adults. (J Am Geriatr Soc. 2007) "CONCLUSION: Similar to middle-aged populations, older adults are likely to be or to become overweight or obese, but higher weight is not associated with worse health in this age group. Thus, the number of older adults at a "healthy" weight may be much higher than currently believed."

Which obesity index best explains prevalence differences in type 2 diabetes mellitus? (Obesity (Silver Spring). 2007) "Conclusions: In white and Mexican-origin men, waist circumference may be the preferred marker for identifying diabetic subjects on account of its simplicity; in women, waist-to-height ratio may be better. Differences in diabetes prevalence among these populations cannot be attributed to a single measure of obesity."

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