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Overweight - Obesity

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Overweight - Obesity

NIH - Medical Encyclopedia Obesity

"Obesity is also defined as a BMI (body mass index) over 30 kg/m2. Patients with a BMI between 25 and 29.9 are considered overweight, but not obese. … Obesity increases a person's risk of illness and death due to diabetes, stroke, coronary artery disease, hypertension, high cholesterol, and kidney and gallbladder disorders. Obesity may increase the risk for some types of cancer. It is also a risk factor for the development of osteoarthritis and sleep apnea. Genetic factors play some part in the development of obesity -- children of obese parents are 10 times more likely to be obese than children with parents of normal weight."

Highlighted Article

[Lifestyle intervention in the treatment of severe obesity.] (Ugeskr Laeger. 2006)

"CONCLUSION: After 15 weeks of intensive lifestyle intervention, there were significant improvements in aerobic fitness and metabolic risk parameters, and the observed weight loss was equivalent to that obtained by surgical treatment. Decisive in the choice of obesity treatment will continue to be the extent of success in permanent weight loss."

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Overweight - Obesity

Overweight - Obesity Risks

NEWS:

Asthma Takes Tougher Toll on the Obese "Severe, persistent asthma is more likely to strike obese individuals than people who are not overweight, U.S. researchers report."

Blood pressure climbs along with weight "A man's risk of developing high blood pressure rises along with his weight, even when it's within normal range, according to a new study."

Excess pounds worsen women's bladder control "The more weight a woman puts on after her teen years, the more likely she is to develop urinary incontinence in her late 30s to early 50s, a new study shows."

Huge Rise in Esophageal Cancer Rates Because of Obesity

Impaired breathing in obese tied to big waist

Obese Patients Have a Higher Risk of Complications Following Surgery "Obese people have a much higher risk of potentially deadly complications following surgery, a new study shows. Researchers found obese patients had a significantly higher risk of postoperative complications, such as heart attack, wound infection, nerve injury, and urinary tract infections. In addition, the study showed morbidly obese patients (patients more than 100 pounds over their ideal weight) were nearly twice as likely to die as a result of complications following noncardiac surgery. "

Obesity Associated With Pancreatic Cancer Risk

Obesity Weakens Immune Response "Obese people find it harder to fight infections, and a weakened immune response may be to blame, suggests a new study from Boston University researchers."

Rising BMI Linked to Higher Mortality, Even in Overweight Subjects " 'The main results of our study are that people who are overweight have a moderately increased risk of premature death, and people who are obese have a greatly increased risk of death, and those results are based particularly on the analysis we conducted when we looked at people's weight at mid-life,' senior author on the study, Michael F. Leitzmann, MD, from the Nutritional Epidemiology Branch, National Institutes of Health, told heartwire."

ARTICLES:

JOURNAL ARTICLES:

Abdominal Obesity and Body Mass Index as Risk Factors for Barrett's Esophagus. (Gastroenterology. 2007)

Age and race impact the association between BMI and CVD mortality in women. (Public Health Rep. 2007) "CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that obesity is associated with a significantly greater risk of CVD mortality among white women, with the strongest association among white women < 60 years of age."

Association between obesity and kidney disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis (Kidney International 2007) "Obesity increases the risk for KD in the general population, and the association appears to be stronger in women than in men. Obesity adversely affects the progress of KD among patients with kidney-related diseases."

Atopic disease and body mass index. (Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 2007) "DISCUSSION: There is some evidence of an association between excess body weight or obesity and atopy - particularly asthma."

Being overweight may raise women's psoriasis risk "They found that women who were initially overweight were 40 percent more likely than their normal-weight counterparts to develop psoriasis over the next 14 years. The odds were slightly higher still for obese women, while those who were morbidly obese were almost three times as likely as normal-weight women to develop the skin disease. In addition, weight gain since young adulthood was linked to a rising psoriasis risk, Dr. Arathi R. Setty and colleagues report in the Archives of Internal Medicine."

Body mass index and mortality in men: evaluating the shape of the association. (Int J Obes (Lond). 2007) "Conclusions:In this large, prospective cohort, we found a consistent linear association between higher BMI and increased risk of mortality after accounting for several potential sources of bias, even among those within the 'overweight' range of BMI. Public health messages should emphasize the preponderance of evidence supporting the adverse health effects associated with higher body weight."

Body Mass Index and Mortality in Middle-Aged Korean Women. (Ann Epidemiol. 2007) "CONCLUSIONS: Obesity was associated with an increased risk of mortality in both premenopausal and postmenopausal Korean women, indicating that preventive strategies to control obesity are important even in population with a relatively low mean BMI level."

Body mass index and physical activity as risk factors for pancreatic cancer: the Multiethnic Cohort Study. (Cancer Causes Control. 2007) " CONCLUSION: The findings suggest, that a BMI of >/= 30 kg/m(2) may be a risk factor for pancreatic cancer in men. No evidence of an effect of physical activity on risk was found."

Body Mass Index, Waist Circumference, and Waist-Hip Ratio on the Risk of Total and Type-Specific Stroke (Arch Intern Med. 2007) "Conclusions Body mass index was a risk factor for total and ischemic stroke in men and women. Abdominal adiposity was a risk factor for total and ischemic stroke only in men."

Change in body size and the risk of colorectal adenomas. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2007) "These results suggest a positive association between obesity, weight gain, and colorectal adenoma risk. Stronger associations were observed when obesity was measured at the time of colonoscopy, suggesting that obesity may be a promoting factor in the growth of colorectal adenomas."

Correlation of endoscopic severity of gastroesophageal reflux disease (gerd) with body mass index (bmi). (J Coll Physicians Surg Pak. 2007) "Conclusion: Higher BMI seems to be associated with higher degree of endoscopic GERD severity."

Effect of BMI on Lifetime Risk for Diabetes in the U.S. (Diabetes Care 2007) " RESULTS—Lifetime diabetes risk at 18 years of age increased from 7.6 to 70.3% between underweight and very obese men and from 12.2 to 74.4% for women."

Elevated body mass index is associated with executive dysfunction in otherwise healthy adults (Comprehensive Psychiatry 2007) "These results provide further evidence for the relationship between elevated BMI and reduced cognitive performance and suggest that this relationship does not vary with age. Further research is needed to identify the etiology of these deficits and whether they resolve after weight loss."

Epidemiology and pathophysiology of obesity as cause of cancer. (Swiss Med Wkly. 2007)

Excess Body Weight and Colorectal Cancer Risk in Canada: Associations in Subgroups of Clinically Defined Familial Risk of Cancer (Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention 2007)

Excess weight as a risk factor for kidney failure. (Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens. 2007) "SUMMARY: Excess weight is a common, strong and modifiable risk factor for chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease. Even individuals who are not overtly obese are at risk. Excess weight contributes to chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease over and above its role in hypertension and diabetes. Weight loss may represent a novel intervention to reduce risk of chronic kidney disease development and progression."

Extreme obesity reduces bone mineral density: complementary evidence from mice and women. (Obesity (Silver Spring). 2007) "DISCUSSION: The complementary studies in mice and women suggest that extreme obesity in postmenopausal women may be associated with reduced bone mineral density. Thus, extreme obesity (BMI > 40 kg/m(2)) may increase the risk for osteopenia and osteoporosis. Given the obesity epidemic in the U.S. and in many other countries, and, in particular, the rising number of extremely obese adult women, increased attention should be drawn to the significant and interrelated public health issues of obesity and osteoporosis."

Impact of Obesity on female reproductive health: British Fertility Society, Policy and Practice Guidelines. (Hum Fertil (Camb). 2007) "Even a moderate weight loss of 5 - 10% of body weight can be sufficient to restore fertility and improve metabolic markers."

Increased waist circumference is associated with an increased prevalence of mood disorders and depressive symptoms in obese women. (Eat Weight Disord. 2007) "DISCUSSION: In conclusion, obesity, per se, seems to be an independent variable associated with the severity of depressive symptoms and the prevalence of current mood disorders in obese women. Waist circumference, and not BMI or WHR, seems to be the anthropometric indicator of overweight and fat distribution that best explains these findings."

[Inflammatory biomarkers: the link between obesity and associated pathologies] (Nutr Hosp. 2007)

Obesity and colorectal cancer risk: A meta-analysis of cohort studies. (World J Gastroenterol. 2007) "CONCLUSION: Obesity is a statistically significant risk factor for colorectal cancer and the relationship is more significant in men than in women among different cancer subsites. Indexes of abdominal obesity are more sensitive than those of overall obesity."

Obesity and infertility. (Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes. 2007)

Obesity and kidney disease. (Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2007) "Chronic kidney disease (CKD) prevalence increases from 2.9% among adults with an ideal BMI to 4.5% among obese adults. The development of CKD is usually the culminating result of the interaction of multiple risk factors. Obesity represents one example of a multitoxicity state and given the background of genetic susceptibility and/or reduced nephron number, overweight may initiate renal remodeling and/or accelerate kidney failure. Obesity may be the number one preventable risk factor for CKD. Weight loss has indeed been shown to improve glomerular hemodynamics and reduce urine albumin excretion. Thus, obese patients with CKD should be counseled on the benefits of weight loss."

Obesity and lack of exercise could enhance the risk of pancreatic cancer

Obesity and Risk of Colorectal Cancer: A Meta-analysis of 31 Studies with 70,000 Events. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2007) “CONCLUSIONS: Obesity has a direct and independent relationship with colorectal cancer, although the strength of the association with general obesity is smaller than previously reported.”

Obesity in women: a life cycle of medical risk (International Journal of Obesity (2007))

Obesity, metabolic syndrome and sleep apnoea: all pro-inflammatory states. (Obes Rev. 2007) "Central obesity also increases the risk of obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS), where the sleep disordered breathing may also independently lead to/or exacerbate IR, diabetes and cardiovascular risk. The contribution of OSAS to the metabolic syndrome has been under-recognized."

Obesity, physical activity and the risk of pancreatic cancer in a large Japanese cohort. (Int J Cancer. 2007) "Obesity in young adulthood may be associated with an increased risk of death from pancreatic cancer in Japanese men. The risk of pancreatic cancer in relation to BMI seems to differ according to sex and the period over which BMI was measured."

[Overweight and associated pathologies in adult women] (Nutr Hosp. 2007) "Associated pathologies were present in 80,8% of the studied women: 46,9% (n = 61) with dyslipidemia; 42,3% (n = 55) with HBP; 33,1% (n = 43) with arthropaties; and 16,2% (n = 21) with DM. Overweight and obese I women showed a higher prevalence of dyslipidemia (56%) and (52%), respectively; while in Obese II and Obese III, 38,7% and 47,1% presented HBP respectively. There was a positive correlation (Spearman) among DM, HBP and dyslipidemia (p < 0,05) with age; and significant correlation (Pearson, p < 0,05) between W/H ratio and DM. CONCLUSION: There was a high prevalence of associated pathologies in the valued women, being the most frequent dyslipidemia, HBP and arthropathy, which are directly proportional with the age and the IC/C."

Overweight and obese perimenopausal and postmenopausal women exhibit increased abnormal mammary epithelial cytology. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2007) "High body mass index (BMI >/= 25 kg/m(2)) is associated with increased postmenopausal breast cancer incidence and mortality. However, few studies have explored associations between BMI and direct measures on target tissue. … These data suggest that overweight in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women is associated with direct cytologic abnormalities within the breast."

Overweight girlhood boosts women's asthma risk "Among 365 boys and 388 girls who were asthma-free at age 7, women who were in the top 25 percent weight group as 7-year-olds were nearly four times as likely to have asthma at age 32 than their peers in the lowest 25-percent category. However, this relationship between childhood weight and adulthood asthma was not seen in men."

Overweight, obesity and risk of liver cancer: a meta-analysis of cohort studies. (Br J Cancer. 2007) "This meta-analysis finds that excess body weight is associated with an increased risk of liver cancer."

Prevalence and severity of sleep apnea in a group of morbidly obese patients. (Obes Surg. 2007) "BACKGROUND: Obesity is the most important risk factor for obstructive sleep apnea. It is estimated that 70% of sleep apnea patients are obese. In the morbidly obese, the prevalence may reach 80% in men and 50% in women. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and severity of sleep apnea in a group of morbidly obese patients, leading to bariatric surgery."

Prevalence of overweightedness in patients with gastro-esophageal reflux. (World J Gastroenterol. 2007)

Prospective study of adiposity and weight change in relation to prostate cancer incidence and mortality. (Cancer. 2007) " CONCLUSIONS.: Although adiposity was not related positively to prostate cancer incidence, higher BMI and adult weight gain increased the risk of dying from prostate cancer."

Relationship between pediatric obesity and otitis media with effusion. (Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2007) "CONCLUSION: Childhood obesity may be associated with the occurrence of otitis media with effusion."

Role of obesity and adiposity in polycystic ovary syndrome (International Journal of Obesity (2007))

Sexual function and obesity. (Int J Obes (Lond). 2007) "Conclusion:Support for the assumption that obesity is associated with ED was found in both prospective and cross-sectional studies. FSD was not adequately described in the literature and prospective studies are needed here. Results from weight loss intervention studies are less conclusive, but also point toward improvement in sexual dysfunction with reduced weight"

Sleep-related disturbances and physical inactivity are independently associated with obesity in adults. (Int J Obes (Lond). 2007) "Conclusions:Sleep duration and sleep-related disturbances are associated with obesity, even after controlling for OSA and physical inactivity. The results support the hypothesis of vicious circle between sleep and obesity."

The relationship between obesity and injuries among U.S. adults. (Am J Health Promot. 2007) "CONCLUSION: Our findings show a clear association between BMI and the probability of sustaining an injury. If increasing BMI is causing the rise in injury rates, then the incidence of injuries, including those related to falls, sprains/strains, lower extremity fractures, and joint dislocations, are likely to increase as the prevalence of obesity increases."

The risk of dementia with increased body mass index (Age and Ageing 2007) " CONCLUSION: this systematic review supports the hypothesis that increased BMI is independently associated with increased risk of dementia. Long-term studies to examine the mechanisms underlying the relationship between obesity and dementia are needed."

Waist circumference is associated with pulmonary function in normal-weight, overweight, and obese subjects. (Am J Clin Nutr. 2007) " CONCLUSION: WC, but not BMI, is negatively and consistently associated with pulmonary function in normal-weight, overweight, and obese subjects."

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