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Pediatrics
Diseases and Conditions
NEWS:
CDC Reports High Lyme Disease Rates in 10 States
Ear infection superbug discovered to be resistant to all pediatric antibiotics "The tests showed that the superbug, called the 19A strain, could be killed only by an antibiotic (levofloxacin, Levaquin) approved for adults that had a warning in its label against use in children. With no other choice, they treated the children with crushed, adult-approved pills, and it worked. The 19A strain was most likely created by a combination of the speed of bacterial evolution and the overprescribing of antibiotics, the authors said. "
Facial expressions have greater impact on kids with bipolar disorder " “This study suggests a neural basis for mania in children, which typically involves unusually irritable or excessively happy moods, and raises questions about whether treatments, therapy or medication could address these brain changes,” Dickstein said. "
Many under-16s carry cancer virus "At least one in 10 girls in England is infected by the age of 16 with a virus which can cause cervical cancer, research suggests. A study by the Health Protection Agency (HPA) found many teenagers are infected with at least one strain of the human papillomavirus (HPV). The researchers found the risk of infection is "substantial" by the age of just 14. "
Maybe Your Kid Doesn’t Need His Tonsils Out "The investigators note most kids will outgrow the tendency to develop these problems, which means the long-term cost effectiveness of an adenotonsillectomy is negligible."
Melanoma in Children and Teenagers Differs From That in Young Adults "Among the 3158 patients aged 1 to 19 years, 96.3% of had cutaneous melanoma, 3.0% had ocular melanoma, and 0.7% had an unknown primary site. Cutaneous melanoma was more common in girls (55%) than in boys and in subjects aged older than 10 years (90.5%). The authors report a relation between the demographics and presentation of cutaneous melanoma and age. Younger patients were significantly more likely to be male and nonwhite. Younger patients were also more likely to present with head and neck primary tumors and with regional or distant metastases. "
ARTICLES:
Children and Diabetes "The initial symptoms of childhood diabetes may look like the flu. Typically, a child becomes ill, urinates frequently and complains of constant thirst. This happens as the body tries to get rid of the extra glucose through the urine and then to replace the lost fluids. A child may begin wetting his bed long after he has stopped wearing diapers. He may feel constantly hungry because the body is not processing food into energy. He may be tired and begin to lose weight as he starts to burn fat for energy."
JAMA Patient Page: Chronic Diseases of Children
JOURNAL ARTICLES:
[A descriptive study of childhood epilepsy.] (Rev Neurol. 2007) "RESULTS. The mean age at diagnosis was 5.9 years and the mean follow-up time was 4.6 years. A personal and/or familial history of febrile convulsions was reported in 13.4% of cases and 23.5% had a history of epilepsy in the family. The aetiology was idiopathic in 166 cases (45.5%), cryptogenic in 106 (29%) and symptomatic in 93 (25.5%). Of the total number of patients, 52.9% reported having focal epilepsies, they were generalised in 43.6% and 3.5% had epilepsies with an undetermined localisation. In each age group the most common epileptic syndromes were: in infants, West's syndrome (34.1%) and symptomatic focal epilepsies (24.4%); in preschoolers, idiopathic focal (21.3%) or cryptogenic (17.7%) and myoclonic-astatic epilepsies (12.8%); in school-age children, idiopathic focal epilepsies (27.3%) and absences (24.5%); and in teenagers, cryptogenic (26.6%) and idiopathic focal epilepsies (23.4%)."
Acute leukemia in early childhood. (Braz J Med Biol Res. 2007) "The Brazilian Collaborative Study Group of Infant Acute Leukemia has found that mothers exposed to dipyrone, pesticides and hormones had an increased chance to give birth to babies with infant acute leukemia …"
Aggression, hostility, and irritability in children at risk for bipolar disorder. (Bipolar Disord. 2007)
Associations of low-grade inflammation with physical activity, fitness and fatness in prepubertal children; the European Youth Heart Study (International Journal of Obesity (2007))
Auditory hallucinations in pre-pubertal children : A one-year follow-up, preliminary findings. (Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2007) "CONCLUSIONS: Our study provides further evidence of the high prevalence of auditory hallucinations in pre-pubertal children presenting to psychiatric clinics. Two different patterns of development were seen. In one group the hallucinations seem unrelated to psychosis although they may be a manifestation of anxiety. In the second, much smaller, persistence of hallucinations appeared linked to conduct disorders."
Bipolar co-morbidity in pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder: clinical and treatment implications. (J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2007)
[Child and adolescent bipolar disorder.] (Neuropsychiatr. 2007)
Childhood and Adolescent Depression (Am Fam Physician 2007) " All antidepressants have a black box warning because of the risk of suicidal behavior. If an antidepressant is warranted, the risk/benefit ratio should be evaluated, the parent or guardian should be educated about the risks, and the patient should be monitored closely (i.e., weekly for the first month and every other week during the second month) for treatment-emergent suicidality. Before an antidepressant is initiated, a safety plan should be in place. This includes an agreement with the patient and the family that the patient will be kept safe and will contact a responsible adult if suicidal urges are too strong, and assurance of the availability of the treating physician or proxy 24 hours a day to manage emergencies."
Complications of chronic suppurative otitis media and their management. (Laryngoscope. 2007)
Developmental trajectories of depressive symptoms from early childhood to late adolescence: gender differences and adult outcome. (J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2007) "Conclusions: This study shows the value of estimating growth-mixture models separately for boys and girls. Girls with early childhood or adolescence-onset depressive problems and boys with depressive problems during childhood or starting in adolescence are especially at risk for poor outcome as young adults and should be considered candidates for intervention."
Diagnosis and natural course of allergy to cooked potatoes in children. (Allergy. 2007)
Differences between prepubertal- versus adolescent- onset bipolar disorder in a Spanish clinical sample. (Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2007) "Patients with prepubertal onset BD more frequently presented previous symptoms such as irritability and conduct problems and had a higher rate of comorbidity (more frequently attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder-ADHD). The adolescent onset group more often presented psychotic symptoms. CONCLUSION: The clinical characteristics of patients with bipolar disorder differ according to whether onset is prepubertal or adolescent."
Does bipolar disorder exist in children? A selected review. (Can J Psychiatry. 2007)
Evaluation of Back Pain in Children and Adolescents (Am Fam Physician. 2007)
Febrile seizures: A review for family physicians. (Indian J Med Sci. 2007) "Febrile seizures are the most common cause of convulsions in children. Most are simple in nature, although those with focal onset, prolonged duration ((3)15 min) or those that recur within 24 h or within the same febrile illness are considered complex. Diagnosis of this condition is essentially clinical and based on its description provided by parents. Its pathophysiology remains unclear, but genetics plays a major role in conferring susceptibility. Although most febrile seizures are benign and associated with minor viral illnesses, it is critical that the child be evaluated immediately to reduce parental anxiety and to identify the cause of the fever."
Follow-up of children with rhinitis and cough associated with milk allergy. (Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2007)
Food Allergy Overview in Children. (Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 2007)
Headache and recurrent abdominal pain: a controlled study by the means of the Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL) (Cephalalgia 2007) "In conclusion, headache and RAP show a very similar psychological profile that should be considered not only for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, but also from the aetiological aspect."
Impact of epilepsy characteristics and behavioral problems on school placement in children (Epilepsy & Behavior 2007)
Incidence, prognosis, and risk factors for fatigue and chronic fatigue syndrome in adolescents: a prospective community study. (Pediatrics. 2007) "CONCLUSIONS: The incidence rates for chronic fatigue and chronic fatigue syndrome in this adolescent sample were relatively high, but the prognosis for these conditions was good. This prospective study provides evidence for an association between emotional/behavioral problems and subsequent onset of fatigue/chronic fatigue."
International guidelines for effective control of head louse infestations. (J Drugs Dermatol. 2007)
Obstructive sleep-disordered breathing in children. (Clin Cornerstone. 2007) "The hallmark feature of the disorder is habitual and loud snoring. Adenotonsillar hypertrophy is the most common cause of obstructive sleep-disordered breathing. Left untreated, obstructive sleep-disordered breathing may lead to problems related to sleep disruption such as inattention, poor learning, behavioral problems, and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder or may cause more serious morbidity, including growth failure and pulmonary hypertension."
Overactive Bladder in Children: Pathophysiology. (J Urol. 2007) "It has become apparent from recent studies in adults with voiding dysfunction that they had symptoms present as children. The recent findings of associations with lower urinary tract symptoms and sexual dysfunction, and the association of voiding dysfunction and neuropsychiatric problems has opened up a new frontier into the possible mechanisms of overactive bladder syndrome in children that would explain these problems, tie them together and explain the continued problems that adults face. These findings point to overactive bladder syndrome as a symptom of a more centrally located dysfunction that affects multiple systems, notably bowels, bladder, sexual and ejaculatory function, control of blood pressure, and even mood and behavior."
Parent and child reports of sleep problems associated with early-onset bipolar spectrum disorders. (J Fam Psychol. 2007)
Pediatric sinusitis. (Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2007)
Practice parameter for the assessment and treatment of children and adolescents with bipolar disorder. ( Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2007) " The presentation of bipolar disorder in youth, especially children, is often considered atypical compared with that of the classic adult disorder, which is characterized by distinct phases of mania and depression. Children who receive a diagnosis of bipolar disorder in community settings typically present with rapid fluctuations in mood and behavior, often associated with comorbid attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and disruptive behavior disorders. Thus, at this time it is not clear whether the atypical forms of juvenile mania and the classic adult form of the disorder represent the same illness. The question of diagnostic continuity has important treatment and prognostic implications."
Presence of herpesviruses in middle ear fluid of children with otitis media with effusion. (Pediatr Int. 2007)
Prevalence of headache and its association with sleep disorders in children. (Pediatr Neurol. 2007)
Prevalence of hypertension and pre-hypertension among adolescents. (Pediatr. 2007)
Prevalence of recurrent otitis media in habitually snoring school-aged children. (Sleep Med. 2007) "CONCLUSIONS: Habitual snoring is associated with a significant increase in the prevalence of recurrent otitis media and the need for tympanostomy tube placement. Further studies aiming to assess the prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea among children with ROM are needed."
Prognosis of patients with seizures occurring in the first 2 years. (J Child Neurol. 2007) "These findings suggest that neurological abnormality, use of more than 1 antiepileptic drug, infantile spasm, status epilepticus, and perinatal anoxia are unfavorable predictive risk factors regarding the prognosis of patients with seizures that have an onset from 1 to 24 months of age."
Recurrent abdominal pain and irritable bowel syndrome in children. (Curr Opin Pediatr. 2007)
Relationship between pediatric obesity and otitis media with effusion. (Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2007) "CONCLUSION: Childhood obesity may be associated with the occurrence of otitis media with effusion."
Sinusitis and Eustachian tube dysfunction in children. (Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2007)
Somatic Complaints in Children with Anxiety Disorders and their Unique Prediction of Poorer Academic Performance. (Child Psychiatry Hum Dev. 2007)
The poor prognosis of childhood-onset bipolar disorder. (J Pediatr. 2007) "CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that childhood onset of bipolar disorder is common and is associated with long delays to first treatment. Physicians and clinicians should be alert to a possible bipolar diagnosis in children in hopes of shortening the time to initiating treatment and perhaps ameliorating the otherwise adverse course of illness."
The Relationship between Air Pollution, Lung Function and Asthma in Adolescents. (Thorax. 2007)
What do childhood anxiety disorders predict? (J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2007)
Who Will Have a Prolonged Course of Acute Otitis Media? (Medscape Pediatrics. 2007) "The authors concluded that bilateral AOM and AOM in patients < 2 years old are factors that are associated with a prolonged course of AOM."
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