Sport Injuries - Prevention
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Sport Injuries and Prevention
General Information
NEWS:
1 in 3 Varsity Athletes Has Exercise-Induced Asthma "One out of three college athletes have what's known as exercise-induced asthma, even though they may have no prior history of the illness, a new study shows. Previous research in Olympic athletes has also shown high rates of exercise-induced asthma. … Exercise-induced asthma typically occurs between 5 minutes and 20 minutes after intense physical exertion. Symptoms include wheezing, chest tightness, coughing, shortness of breath and chest pain, according to the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. While 7 percent of Americans are known to suffer from asthma, many others, including people with allergies or a family history of allergies, may experience asthma after exercise. Approximately one in 10 people with no history of asthma can experience exercise-induced asthma."
45% of High School Linemen Are Overweight, Iowa Study Shows "Overweight high school linemen (as well as other players) -- and their parents, doctors, and coaches -- should consider the health risks linked to extra pounds, Laurson and Eisenmann write."
Achilles tendinitis: Is ultrasound therapy an effective treatment?
Amateur Boxers Also Hit by Brain Injury: Spinal fluid study shows signs of post-fight damage
Athletes' dizziness has many causes, mostly benign
Ball Throwing May Benefit Kids' Shoulders
Burned jogger shows lightning, headphones don't mix "Doctors at Vancouver General Hospital in Canada said a 37-year-old jogger wearing an iPod was burned on his chest, neck and face after the man and a nearby tree were struck by lightning in 2005. The burns traced the path of the earphones, they said. The patient's eardrums were ruptured and the tiny bones in his middle ears were dislocated, the doctors wrote in a letter to the New England Journal of Medicine. The man's jawbone broke in four places and both jaw joints were dislocated, probably because the electric current made his jaw muscles contract violently, Eric Heffernan, Dr. Peter Munk and Dr. Luck Louis wrote in their letter. The metal in the earphones helped channel the current and cause the injuries, they said. "Although the use of a device such as an iPod may not increase the chances of being struck by lightning, in this case, the combination of sweat and metal earphones directed the current to, and through, the patient's head," they said. "
Competitive swimming linked to lower back injury "Elite swimmers appear to experience higher rates of lower back disk degeneration than recreational swimmers, study findings suggest. … The competitive swimmers had significantly higher rates of degeneration, 27 and 43 percent in the L4-L5 and L5-S1 disks, respectively, compared with rates of 13 and 21 percent in the recreational swimmers."
Diagnosis Key in Athletic Hernia Surgery "Athletic hernia is a painful weakness in the inguinal floor common among soccer players, hockey players, and other athletes. The terminology can sometimes be confusing, Dr. Brunt told Medscape. "A hernia in the classical sense means a hole that allows things to pass through. This isn't a hole, it's a weakness in the inguinal floor." A more accurate term is pubalgia, he said. The procedure to repair this defect consisted of repairing the inguinal floor with a tension-free mesh …The challenge is not in the procedure itself but in identifying which patients will truly benefit, he said. "It's tough. There are other entities that mirror this." Dr. Brunt agreed that a variety of other problems have to be screened out, particularly injured adductor muscles that can lead to abdominal pain. To start with, he said, only those patients who have failed conservative treatment should undergo surgery. Also, surgeons must pay careful attention to the location of the pain and must exclude other potential causes. "I'm convinced there is an objective pathology there," he said. "
Enforcing rules may help prevent lacrosse injuries "Tougher enforcement of the rules of play could help bring down the rate of head, neck and face injuries seen in high school and college lacrosse players, which appear to higher among young women than young men, the authors of a four-year study of the sport say."
Ex-NFL Linemen Prone to Heart Disease " After their playing days are done, many National Football League linemen suffer from a health syndrome that puts them at significant risk for cardiovascular disease. That condition, called metabolic syndrome, includes such symptoms as an enlarged heart, sleep apnea, abdominal obesity and high blood pressure … "
Guidelines aim to keep diabetic athletes healthy “First, athletes should check their blood sugar levels before, during and after exercise. They may need to eat carbohydrates right before or during practice or competition, depending on their sugar levels, according to the guidelines. All diabetic athletes should eat after exercising to make sure sugar levels don't drop too much.”
High School Football Brings Brain Trauma Dangers "The number of catastrophic head injuries in high school football far exceeds the number of such injuries in college football, a new study finds. In addition, the number of high school players who receive such head injuries and then play with residual effects is "unacceptably high," according to the report in the July issue of The American Journal of Sports Medicine. Catastrophic brain trauma can include brain bleeding and swelling. While rare, it can result in permanent brain damage, experts warn. But they also note that better headgear means the rate of football-linked brain trauma has fallen over generations. "
More Kids Are Suffering Sports Injuries 'No single sport is specifically to blame for the increase in kids' sports injuries. Instead, experts suspect that choosing to play one sport all the time, or playing several sports all at once, are factors leading to what are called overuse injuries. … "Kids are now subject to adult schedules and organizational formats for adult-driven sports. In the past, kids directed the activities in the backyard. Where adults provide schedule and structure, kids may be pushed beyond what they would do on their own. When they play on their own, they take breaks and moderate themselves,' she said."
MRI reveals injuries in young top tennis players "MRI revealed lumbar spinal problems in 28 of 33 athletes from the National Tennis Centre in London. Only one reported back pain before imaging. Eighteen male and 15 female athletes were unaware of their problems. Researchers were surprised to find serious use-related spinal deterioration, including some permanent injuries, in such young, highly athletic people. Injuries included spinal disc degeneration, herniated discs, complete fractures, and stress fractures known as pars lesions, according to the study published in the July 2007 issue of the British Journal of Sports Medicine. Three of the 10 pars lesions in nine players involved complete fractures. … Although Connell noted that coaches and trainers are best qualified to determine any new training methods, he stressed that exercise routines should be revised to include more strength and fitness work and less actual tennis play."
Overuse sports injuries widespread in kids "With child athletes becoming increasingly competitive and training more rigorous at younger ages, orthopedic physicians are seeing an alarming rise in sports injuries simply from kids overdoing it. Physicians at a major orthopedic meeting in San Diego said children as young as 4 years old are sustaining overuse injuries such as stress fractures and tendinitis. "
Preventing And Treating Kids' Sports Injuries
Rehab needed soon after Achilles tendon repair"Early rehabilitation is better than casting after surgical repair of Achilles tendon rupture, according to a report in The American Journal of Sports Medicine."
Report Release: Largest Ongoing Study of Collegiate Sports Injury Trends and Prevention
Schools report spike in staph infections "Many of the infections are being spread in gyms and locker rooms, where athletes — perhaps suffering from cuts or abrasions — share sports equipment. … In Virginia, a Newport News high school closed its weight room Thursday to be disinfected after at least four students were infected — one with the drug-resistant strain. The drug-resistant patient, a football player, was hospitalized for three days. … MRSA is spread mostly through personal contact, although sharing towels, razors or athletic equipment also can spread the bacteria. Frequent and thorough hand-washing is one of the most important preventive measures, said Coffin, of the CDC."
Signs of brain shrinkage seen in soccer players "College-age soccer players may show some degree of brain-tissue shrinkage, a small study has found -- adding to evidence that the sport carries a risk of long-term brain injury. Using high-resolution MRI brain scans, researchers found evidence of reduced gray matter in the brains of 10 male college soccer players, compared with 10 young men who had never played the sport. "
Spine injuries common in young tennis players "Elite tennis players in their teens appear to have a very high rate of lower spine injury, a new study suggests. Although the subjects in this study did not have symptoms, the researchers point out that these injuries will probably progress to more serious conditions if training techniques are not modified. … The findings are based on 18 male and 15 female athletes training at a UK national tennis center. None complained of any back pain, but using MRI scans, Connell's team found that only five players had normal exam results. The most common abnormality was facet joint arthropathy, damage to joints at the back of the spine that are involved in backward arching. A full 70 percent of the players showed this problem; in contrast, studies of middle-aged adults in the general population have found that 8 percent to 21 percent of symptom-free people have facet joint arthropathy, Connell and his colleagues point out."
Sports cream warnings urged after teen's death "Topical application of methyl salicylate can be hazardous if it is smeared over 40 percent of the body, if someone has a skin condition or if another medication interacts negatively with the products, Kearney said. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration should mandate the warning labels also include that the products contain aspirin, which can be harmful for some consumers, including those with asthma, Varlotta said."
Stretching exercises for plantar fasciitis "The condition’s called plantar fasciitis and one of the mainstays of treatment has been Achilles tendon stretching to pull on the heel. But a randomised trial has found that stretching the plantar fascia itself is better."
Stretching may offer extended benefits "The study found that a regular stretching program may actually enhance performance, making people stronger and increasing their endurance. … When to stretch has become a controversial topic in recent years, with many fitness experts now saying that stretching before exercise doesn't help prevent injury and may even decrease performance. As a result, trainers typically advocate stretching at the end of a workout, when the muscles are already warm."
Teenage Baseball Players Lose Range of Motion " Years of playing baseball can harm a teenager's throwing arm, Scott D. Mair, MD, told attendees at the American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine (AOSSM) 31st Annual Meeting here. "The total arc of motion decreases in these kids," said Dr. Mair, an assistant professor of surgery at the University of Kentucky in Lexington, when presenting a 6-year longitudinal study of 32 boys who play baseball. The investigators began their study in 2000 and concluded it in 2006, at which time the boys' ages ranged from 13 to 21 years and averaged 18 years. "
Women's knee risk higher, but only in some sports "ACL injuries are often the result of a sudden, forceful twist, so the injury is fairly common in sports that involve quick stops and starts, pivoting and jumping -- such as basketball, soccer and volleyball. … certain activities seemed to put female cadets at particular risk. In gymnastics class -- a required course at West Point -- females suffered ACL tears at nearly six times the rate of their male counterparts. Similarly, female basketball players had an injury rate between two and three times that of male players."
Women's Knee-Injury Mystery Unsolved
ARTICLES:
Keeping Your Young Athlete Healthy and Happy
JOURNAL ARTICLES:
A meta-analysis of the incidence of anterior cruciate ligament tears as a function of gender, sport, and a knee injury-reduction regimen. (Arthroscopy. 2007) “CONCLUSIONS: Female subjects had a roughly 3 times greater incidence of ACL tears in soccer and basketball versus male subjects. Injury-reduction programs were effective for soccer but not basketball. Recreational Alpine skiers had the highest incidences of ACL tear, whereas expert Alpine skiers had the lowest incidences. Volleyball may in fact be a low-risk sport rather than a high-risk sport. Alpine skiers and lacrosse players had no gender difference for ACL tear rate. Year-round female athletes who play soccer and basketball have an ACL tear rate of approximately 5%.”
A review of epidemiology of paediatric elbow injuries in sports. (Sports Med. 2007)
Activity Level and Subjective Knee Function 15 Years After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury: A Prospective, Longitudinal Study of Nonreconstructed Patients. (Am J Sports Med. 2007)
Acute Effects of Stretching on Muscle Stiffness After a Bout of Exhaustive Eccentric Exercise. (Int J Sports Med. 2007) "The results suggest that SP conducted after exhaustive eccentric exercise alleviated reductions in ROM induced by exercise."
Acute Treatment of Inversion Ankle Sprains: Immobilization versus Functional Treatment. (Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2007) " … based on our review the current best evidence suggests a trend favoring early functional treatment over immobilization for the treatment of acute lateral ankle sprains."
Antioxidant supplementation and immunoendocrine responses to prolonged exercise. (Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2007)
Balance training may prevent basketball injuries "Balance training using a "wobble board" may help prevent knee and ankle injuries in high school basketball players, a new study suggests. Balance exercises are commonly used in physical therapy for leg injuries, and there is growing interest in using them as part of athletic training, to prevent such injuries in the first place."
[Cardiac and metabolic characteristics in long distance runners of sport and exercise cardiology outpatient facility of a tertiary hospital.] (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2007) "RESULTS: Metabolic alterations and cardiovascular diseases were diagnosed in 17% and 9% of the runners, respectively. Sinus bradycardia and left ventricular hypertrophy were observed in 62% and 33% of the runners, respectively."
Catastrophic Head Injuries in High School and College Football Players. (Am J Sports Med. 2007)
Cervical Spine Injuries in Pediatric Athletes: Mechanisms and Management (Neurosurg Focus. 2006) "Sports-related injuries to the spine, although relatively rare compared with head injuries, contribute to significant morbidity and mortality in children. The reported incidence of traumatic cervical spine injury in pediatric athletes varies, and most studies are limited because of the low prevalence of injury. The anatomical and biomechanical differences between the immature spine of pediatric patients and the mature spine of adults that make pediatric patients more susceptible to injury include a greater mobility of the spine due to ligamentous laxity, shallow angulations of facet joints, immature development of neck musculature, and incomplete ossification of the vertebrae. As a result of these differences, 60 to 80% of all pediatric vertebral injuries occur in the cervical region."
Characteristics of the female athlete triad in collegiate cross-country runners. (J Am Coll Health. 2007)
Common problems in endurance athletes. (Am Fam Physician. 2007)
Continued Sports Activity, Using a Pain-Monitoring Model, During Rehabilitation in Patients With Achilles Tendinopathy: A Randomized Controlled Study. (Am J Sports Med. 2007) "CONCLUSIONS: No negative effects could be demonstrated from continuing Achilles tendon-loading activity, such as running and jumping, with the use of a pain-monitoring model, during treatment. Our treatment protocol for patients with Achilles tendinopathy, which gradually increases the load on the Achilles tendon and calf muscle, demonstrated significant improvements. A training regimen of continued, pain-monitored, tendon-loading physical activity might therefore represent a valuable option for patients with Achilles tendinopathy."
Course and predicting factors of lower-extremity injuries after running a marathon. (Clin J Sport Med. 2007)
Curcumin effects on inflammation and performance recovery following eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage. (Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2007) "These results support the hypothesis that curcumin can reduce inflammation and offset some of the performance deficits associated with eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage."
Debridement May Be as Effective as Repair in Massive Rotator Cuff Tears "Clinical results of a new study support the use of simple arthroscopic debridement to treat complete rotator cuff tears rather than attempting more heroic techniques. … recent studies of the repairs of large and massive rotator cuff tears reported that good long-term pain relief was achieved despite failure of healing and anatomic repair. This good clinical outcome despite anatomic failure suggested that debridement might produce similar clinical results, and without the morbidity associated with heroic repairs."
Deleterious Effects of Short-Term High-Intensity Exercise on the Immune Function: Evidence from Leukocyte Mitochondrial Alternations and Apoptosis. (Br J Sports Med. 2007) "CONCLUSIONS: Short-term high-intensity exercise can lead to a significant and prolonged dysfunction in the mitochondrial energized status of the peripheral blood leukocytes, which will be accompanied by an increased propensity for apoptosis and elevated pro-inflammatory mediators. Our results lend support to the immunosupressive effects of excessive exercise and suggest that the MTP is a useful marker for those effects."
Downhill ski injuries in children and adolescents. (Sports Med. 2007)
Effects of magnesium supplementation on blood parameters of athletes at rest and after exercise. (Biol Trace Elem Res. 2007) "These results suggest that magnesium supplementation positively influences the performance of training athletes by increasing erythrocyte and hemoglobin levels."
Effects of six warm-up protocols on sprint and jump performance. (J Strength Cond Res. 2007)
Effects of warm-up and precooling on the endurance performance in the heat. (Br J Sports Med. 2007) "CONCLUSIONS: The use of an ice cooling vest for 20 min prior to exercising improved running performance, whereas the 20-min-warm-up procedure had a distinctly detrimental effect. Cooling procedures including additional parts of the body like the head and the neck might further enhance the effectiveness of precooling measures."
Epidemiology of High School and Collegiate Football Injuries in the United States, 2005-2006. (Am J Sports Med. 2007) "BACKGROUND: Football, one of the most popular sports among male high school students in the United States, is a leading cause of sports-related injuries, with an injury rate almost twice that of basketball, the second most popular sport."
Epidemiology of knee injuries among adolescents A systematic review. (Br J Sports Med. 2007)
Epidemiology of Lower Extremity Injuries among U.S. High School Athletes. (Acad Emerg Med. 2007)
Family History Predicts Stress Fracture in Active Female Adolescents. (Pediatrics. 2007)
Foot and ankle injuries in elite female gymnasts. (Foot Ankle Int. 2007) "CONCLUSION: Elite female gymnasts can sustain significant injury to the foot and ankle region. In our study, Lisfranc injuries were most likely career-ending."
Gender Differences in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Vary With Activity: Epidemiology of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries in a Young, Athletic Population. (Am J Sports Med. 2007)
Glucosamine Administration in Athletes: Effects on Recovery of Acute Knee Injury (Research in Sports Medicine 2007)
Guidelines help coaches prepare for cardiac arrest "The new guidelines emphasize that prompt recognition of SCA, early activation of local emergency medical services, the presence of an individual trained in CPR, access to an automated external defibrillator are essential to ensuring that athletes receive immediate treatment in the critical few minutes after collapsing."
Health benefits of tennis (British Journal of Sports Medicine 2007) "People who choose to play tennis appear to have significant health benefits, including improved aerobic fitness, a lower body fat percentage, a more favourable lipid profile, reduced risk for developing cardiovascular disease, and improved bone health."
Hyperthermia Impairs Brain, Heart and Muscle Function in Exercising Humans. (Sports Med. 2007)
Ice water immersion and delayed onset muscle soreness: a randomised controlled trial. (Br J Sports Med. 2007) "CONCLUSIONS: The protocol of ice water immersion used in this study was ineffectual in minimizing markers of DOMS in untrained individuals. This study challenges the wide use of this intervention as a recovery strategy by athletes."
Increased risk of posterior glenoid labrum tears in football players. (AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2007)
Indoor soccer-related eye injuries: should eye protection be mandatory? (Can J Ophthalmol. 2007)
Injuries in Young Elite Female Soccer Players: An 8-Season Prospective Study. (Am J Sports Med. 2007) "CONCLUSIONS: The results, when compared with those of other investigations on female soccer players, revealed high rates of both traumatic injury and match injury, whereas recurrence of injury was low. Injuries, notably sprains, to the ankle were common, suggesting a need for the implementation of specific injury prevention strategies for this joint."
Kickboxing sport as a new cause of traumatic brain injury-mediated hypopituitarism (Clinical Endocrinology 2007) "Present data clearly demonstrate for the first time that amateur kickboxing is a novel cause of hypopituitarism and kickboxers are at a risk for hypopituitarism especially isolated GH deficiency. Therefore, participants of the combative sports who were exposed to chronic repetitive head trauma need to be screened."
Lumbar Spine Injuries in Athletes (Neurosurg Focus. 2007) "Lumbar spine injuries in athletes are not uncommon and usually take the form of a mild muscle strain or sprain. More severe injuries sustained by athletes include disc herniations, spondylolistheses, and various types of fracture. The recognition and management of these injuries in athletes involve the additional consideration that to return to play, the lumbar spine must be able to withstand forces similar to those that were injurious."
Marathon Training and Immune Function. (Sports Med. 2007)
Minor traumatic brain injury in sports: a review in order to prevent neurological sequelae. (Prog Brain Res. 2007)
Mouthguards in sport activities : history, physical properties and injury prevention effectiveness. (Sports Med. 2007)
MRI findings in the lumbar spine of asymptomatic adolescent elite tennis players (British Journal of Sports Medicine 2007) "Results: 5/33(15.2%) players had a normal and 28/33 (84.8%) an abnormal MRI examination. 9/33 players showed pars lesions (one at two levels) predominately at the L5 level (9/10-L5, 1/10-L4). 3/10 lesions were complete fractures, two demonstrated grade 1 and one grade 2 spondylolisthesis, both of which resulted in moderate narrowing of the L5 exit foramen. 2/10 had acute and 5/10 chronic stress reactions of the pars. 23/33 patients showed signs of early facet arthropathy occurring at the L5/S1 (15/29 joints) and L4/5 (12/29 joints) levels. These were classified as mild degeneration (20/29) and moderate degeneration (9/29), with 20/29 showing sclerosis and 24/29 showing hypertrophy of the facet joint. Synovial cysts were identified in 14/29 patients. 13/33 players showed disc desiccation and a disc bulge (mild-13/15 and moderate-2/15) most frequently at the L4/5 and L5/S1 levels (12/15 discs)."
Muscle Cramping in the Marathon : Aetiology and Risk Factors. (Sports Med. 2007)
Muscle injuries: optimising recovery (Best Practice & Research Clinical Rheumatology 2007)
Nerve Regeneration After Radiofrequency Application. (Am J Sports Med. 2007) "BACKGROUND: Many patients with chronic tendinosis have experienced early pain relief after application of bipolar radiofrequency treatment. It is hypothesized that the mechanism of action may be the acute degeneration and/or ablation of sensory nerve fibers. … CONCLUSION: Bipolar radiofrequency treatment induced degeneration of sensory nerve fibers immediately after treatment, but by 90 days posttreatment, there was evidence of complete regeneration. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Early degeneration followed by later regeneration of nerve fibers after bipolar radiofrequency treatment may explain long-term postoperative pain relief after microtenotomy for tendinosis."
No difference in pre- and postexercise stretching on flexibility. (J Strength Cond Res. 2007)
Nonfatal Traumatic Brain Injuries from Sports and Recreation Activities --- United States, 2001--2005 (MMWR 2007)
Nutrition and hydration concerns of the female football player. (Br J Sports Med. 2007) "The prevalence of iron deficiency in women generally is high, but it seems to be alarmingly high in female players. All players should adopt dietary habits that ensure adequate iron intake. Football training seems to increase bone mass in the weight-bearing limbs, with positive implications for bone health in later life, but some players may be at risk from inadequate calcium dietary intake."
Omega-3 Fatty acids and athletics. (Curr Sports Med Rep. 2007) "Excessive radical formation and trauma during high-intensity exercise leads to an inflammatory state that is made worse by the increased amount of y-6 fatty acids in Western diets, although this can be counteracted by eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). For the majority of athletes, especially those at the leisure level, general guidelines should include EPA and DHA of about 1 to 2 g/d at a ratio of EPA:DHA of 2:1."
On-field issues of the C-spine-injured helmeted athlete. (Curr Sports Med Rep. 2007) "Cervical spine injuries are numerous, ranging from bony fractures and dislocations to spinal cord disruption. These injuries can be a devastating and debilitating. Although most injuries that occur are self-limiting there is a significant proportion that can cause permanent disability. Due to the equipment used in football, unique on-field care is implemented in evaluating athletes with possible cervical spine injury. Early preseason preparation and proper on-field intervention can help improve outcomes for these athletes."
Outcome of Conservative Management of Athletic Chronic Groin Injury Diagnosed as Pubic Bone Stress Injury. (Am J Sports Med. 2007)
Prevalence of Female Athlete Triad Characteristics in a Club Triathlon Team. (Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2007) "RESULTS: Sixty percent of the triathletes were found to be in calorie deficit, 53% had a carbohydrate deficit, 47% had a fat deficit, 40% had a protein deficit, and 33% had a calcium deficit. Forty percent of triathletes reported a history of amenorrhea. … CONCLUSIONS: Triathletes are at risk for components of the female athlete triad. Continued efforts need to be directed at prevention through education of athletes, coaches, parents, and health care professionals."
Prevention of catastrophic injuries in sports. (Instr Course Lect. 2007)
Prevention of Sports Injuries (Arch Intern Med. 2007)
Relationship between balance ability, training and sports injury risk. (Sports Med. 2007)
Risk Factors for Exercise-associated Hyponatremia in Non-elite Marathon Runners. (Clin J Sport Med. 2007)
School injury and gender differentials: a prospective cohort study. (Eur J Epidemiol. 2007) "The school injury was common (13% for both sexes). Sports/physical training injury was more frequent among girls (8.8% vs. 6.6%, P < 0.05) contrarily to the other types of injury (4.6% vs. 8.8%, P = 0.001). Sports/physical training injury was strongly associated with age <15 years (ORa 3.42) and presence of previous injury (2.63) among boys, and with age <15 years (2.02), presence of previous injury (2.94), not easily irritated (1.89), and irresponsible (1.59) among girls. The other types of injury were highly related to age <15 years (ORa 4.18), frequent use of psychotropic drugs (1.76), not living with both parents (1.65), being not calm (2.03), and presence of previous injury (1.82) among boys, and to age <15 years (2.59), obesity (3.24), and being not calm (1.84) among girls."
Screening for catastrophic neck injuries in sports. (Curr Sports Med Rep. 2007) "The cervical spine is prone to injury due to the structure of the articulating vertebrae at the level of C4-C6, where the spinal cord occupies more of the spinal canal. Cervical spine injuries can occur in all sports and all ages. Participation in contact sports certainly increases the possibility of cervical spine injuries."
[Severe hyponatremia, pulmonary and cerebral edema in an ironman triathlete] (Dtsch Med Wochenschr. 2007) "CONCLUSIONS: Ultra-endurance exercise can lead to severe hyponatremia, pulmonary and cerebral edema. This is caused mainly by fluid overload due to excesssive drinking and a release of ADH induced by hypovolemia and stress which impairs the excretion of free water. Hence a moderate fluid intake during and after endurance exercise is very important."
Severe Spinal Injuries In Alpine Skiing And Snowboarding: A six-year review of Tertiary Trauma Center for the Bernese Alps Ski Resorts, Switzerland. (Br J Sports Med. 2007)
Shin splints: painful to have and to treat. (Compr Ther. 2006)
Sport-specific injuries and medical problems of figure skaters. (WMJ. 2007) "Common problems in figure skating include acute musculo-skeletal injuries and chronic overuse injuries, which primarily occur in the foot, ankle, knee, leg, hip, and lower back. Figure skaters are also more likely to endure specific medical problems such as exercise-induced bronchospasm and eating disorders."
Stress fractures in the lower extremity The importance of increasing awareness amongst radiologists. (Eur J Radiol. 2007)
Stretch or not, You’ll be Sore " “The data were remarkably consistent,” lead researcher Robert Herbert from the School of Physiotherapy at the University of Sydney was quoted as saying. “The available evidence suggests that stretching before or after exercise does not prevent muscle soreness in young healthy adults.” "
Surgical versus conservative treatment for acute injuries of the lateral ligament complex of the ankle in adults. (Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007) "AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: There is insufficient evidence available from randomised controlled trials to determine the relative effectiveness of surgical and conservative treatment for acute injuries of the lateral ligament complex of the ankle. High quality randomised controlled trials of primary surgical repair versus the best available conservative treatment for well-defined injuries are required."
The athlete with muscular cramps: clinical approach. (J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2007) "Muscle cramps may be a symptom of any of several conditions, including radiculopathies, Parkinson's disease, hypothyroidism, diabetes mellitus, vascular problems, electrolyte disorders, and metabolic myopathies. Cramps also may occur as a side effect of certain drugs (eg, lipid-lowering agents, antihypertensives, beta-agonists, insulin, oral contraceptives, alcohol). Most athletes who experience exercise-associated muscle cramps are healthy individuals without systemic illness. Therapy should focus on preventing premature fatigue by means of appropriate nutrition and adequate training."
The change of blood Pb levels of basketball players after strenuous exercise. (Neuro Endocrinol Lett. 2007) "The average increase in blood lead levels is 297%. This increase is largely due to increased respiration rate during the training period."
The effects of short term treatment strategies over 4 weeks in Achilles tendinopathy. (Br J Sports Med. 2007) "CONCLUSIONS: Most patients with Achilles tendinopathy experience a reduction in pain after only four weeks of differentiated, non-surgical treatment consisting of physiotherapy or semi-rigid insoles."
The effects of stretching on strength performance. (Sports Med. 2007) "Although most studies have found acute decreases in strength following stretching, and that such decreases seem to be more prominent the longer the stretching protocol, the number of exercises and sets, and the duration of each set have, in general, exceeded the ranges normally recommended in the literature. Consequently, the duration of the stimuli were excessively long compared with common practice, thus making evident the need for further studies. In addition, when recommending flexibility exercises, one should consider other underlying issues, such as the safety of the participants, possible increases in injury risks and the unnecessary time expenditure."
The Long-term Consequence of Anterior Cruciate Ligament and Meniscus Injuries: Osteoarthritis. (Am J Sports Med. 2007) "At 10 to 20 years after the diagnosis, on average, 50% of those with a diagnosed anterior cruciate ligament or meniscus tear have osteoarthritis with associated pain and functional impairment: the young patient with an old knee. These individuals make up a substantial proportion of the overall osteoarthritis population."
The prevalence of exercise-induced bronchospasm in soccer player children, ages 7 to 16 years. (Iran J Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2007) "This study suggests that at least 2.1% of soccer players will develop bronchospasm even if they do not have any history of asthma and allergy."
The risk of sports activities--the injuries of the Achilles tendon in sportsmen. (Coll Antropol. 2007)
The Role of Salt and Glucose Replacement Drinks in the Marathon. (Sports Med. 2007)
The Value of Conservative Treatment in Ruptures of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL). (J Trauma. 2007)
Training cuts risk of sudden death while hiking " People can reduce their risk of dying suddenly during a mountain hike by training for their climbs and by making sure any heart disease risk factors they may have are under control, Austrian researchers report. Dr. Martin Burtscher of the University of Innsbruck and colleagues found that male mountain hikers who previously suffered a heart attack faced an 11-fold increased likelihood of sudden death while hiking. "
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