Tremor
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Tremor
NIH - Medical Encyclopedia Tremor
"Disorders with tremor as the primary symptom include: • Familial tremor (runs in families) • Essential tremor (no known cause) • Drug-induced tremor (drugs known to induce tremor include valproic acid, lithium, and cyclosporine). Parkinson's disease and other illnesses may cause tremors in addition to other symptoms. Certain medical problems such as hyperthyroidism or Wilson's disease may cause tremors. Symptoms • Tremors - May be occasional (sporadic), temporary (episodic) or occurring at intervals (intermittent) - May affect the head, hands, arms, eyelids, or other muscles - May not affect both sides of the body equally • A shaking or quivering sound to voice • Head nodding • Tremors that worsen with voluntary movement or emotional stress • Tremors that disappear during sleep."
Highlighted Articles
Essential tremor--the most common movement disorder in older people. (Age Ageing. 2006)
"Essential tremor (ET) affects approximately 4% of the population above 65 years of age. The traditional view that ET is a familial mono-symptomatic disorder with a benign prognosis has recently been challenged, as it is now known to be a progressive and clinically heterogeneous condition with sporadic and familial forms."
Study of possible factors associated with age of onset in essential tremor. (Mov Disord. 2006)
"Ninety-one percent of cases with onset before age 20 years had a family history of tremor. Age of onset was not associated with other variables of interest … The familial form of ET is characterized by an earlier age of onset than the sporadic form."
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Tremor
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[A case presenting with both features of essential tremor and Parkinson tremor] (Rinsho Shinkeigaku. 2007)
A population-based study of mortality in essential tremor. (Neurology. 2007)
Alcohol withdrawal syndrome: how to predict, prevent, diagnose and treat it. (Prescrire Int. 2007)
Autoimmune Encephalopathies. (Neurologist. 2007) "Corticosteroid-responsive encephalopathy associated with evidence of thyroid autoimmunity (sometimes called Hashimoto encephalopathy) has a broad range of clinical presentation. Cognitive impairment with tremor, seizures, stroke-like events (including transient aphasia) and normal thyroid hormone levels is a common scenario."
Blood harmane is correlated with cerebellar metabolism in essential tremor (NEUROLOGY 2007) "Conclusion: This study provides additional support for the emerging link between harmane, a neurotoxin, and ET. Further studies are warranted to address whether cerebellar harmane concentrations are associated with cerebellar pathology in postmortem studies of the ET brain."
Ciprofloxacin-induced palatal tremor. (Mov Disord. 2007)
Clinical and electromyographic characteristics of tremor in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. (Electromyogr Clin Neurophysiol. 2007)
Depression symptoms in movement disorders: Comparing Parkinson's disease, dystonia, and essential tremor. (Mov Disord. 2007) "Clinicians should be aware that depression is a frequent problem in dystonia and ET, in addition to PD, and inquire about depression symptoms in these patients so that they can be appropriately treated …"
[Diagnosis and treatment of tremor in Parkinson's disease and essential tremor] (MMW Fortschr Med. 2007)
Does Age of Onset in Essential Tremor Have a Bimodal Distribution? Data from a Tertiary Referral Setting and a Population-Based Study. (Neuroepidemiology. 2007)
Dopa-responsive pseudo-orthostatic tremor in parkinsonism. (Mov Disord. 2007)
Elevated Blood Lead Concentrations in Essential Tremor: A Case-Control Study in Mersin, Turkey. (Environ Health Perspect. 2007) "CONCLUSIONS: These data replicate those of a previous study in New York and demonstrate an association between the environmental toxicant lead and a common neurologic disorder."
Environmental Risk Factors for Essential Tremor. (Eur Neurol. 2007) "In conclusion, our study shows that the association between ET and reported family history of ET was robust, and that there were also associations between ET and exposure to some environmental factors (agricultural work and frosted glass)."
Extrapyramidal signs, primitive reflexes and incontinence in fronto-temporal dementia. (Eur J Neurol. 2007) "According to the diagnostic consensus criteria [1] akinesia, rigidity and tremor as well as primitive reflexes and incontinence support the diagnosis of fronto-temporal dementia (FTD). However, the prevalence of extrapyramidal signs (EPMS), primitive reflexes and incontinence in FTD has not yet been systematically studied. … "
Eyeblink conditioning is impaired in subjects with essential tremor. (Brain. 2007) "The findings of disordered eyeblink conditioning support the hypothesis that ET is caused by a functional disturbance of olivo-cerebellar circuits which may cause cerebellar dysfunction. In particular, results point to an involvement of the olivo-cerebellar system in early stages of ET."
Further evidence of genetic heterogeneity in familial essential tremor. (Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2007)
Genetic analysis of SCA 2 and 3 repeat expansions in essential tremor and atypical parkinsonism. (Mov Disord. 2007)
Genetics of essential tremor. (Brain. 2007) "While environmental agents have been proposed to play a role, genetic factors are believed to contribute to its onset. Thus far, three gene loci (ETM1 on 3q13, ETM2 on 2p24.1 and a locus on 6p23) have been identified in patients and families with the disorder."
Hereditary chin tremor in Parkinson's disease. (Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2007)
Increased risk of essential tremor in first-degree relatives of patients with Parkinson's disease. (Mov Disord. 2007) " … the risk of ET among relatives increased with younger onset of PD in patients (linear trend; P = 0.001), and was higher in relatives of PD patients with the tremor-predominant or mixed form when compared with relatives of patients with the akinetic-rigid form, and in men compared with women. These findings suggest that PD and ET may share familial susceptibility factors."
Juvenile global tremor: a clinicopathologic syndrome mimicking polymyoclonia. (Pediatr Neurol. 2007)
Mediterranean Diet and Essential Tremor (Neuroepidemiology 2007) "Conclusions: Compared to controls, ET cases adhered less to MeDi. The gradual reduction in ET odds with higher MeDi adherence tertiles suggests a possible dose-response effect."
Mild Parkinsonian signs: An overview of an emerging concept. (Mov Disord. 2007) "Mild Parkinsonian signs (MPS) include gait and balance changes, rigidity, bradykinesia, and tremor. MPS can occur commonly during the clinical examination of older people who do not have known neurological disease, with prevalence estimates for MPS as a whole ranging from 15% to 95%. MPS are generally progressive and they are coupled with functional difficulties, impaired gait and balance, and increased risks of mild cognitive impairment, dementia, and mortality."
Neuropathological changes in essential tremor: 33 cases compared with 21 controls. (Brain. 2007) "The pathological changes of ET seem to be heterogeneous and degenerative. The majority have cerebellar changes without Lewy bodies; a smaller proportion has brainstem Lewy bodies."
Patients with adult-onset dystonic tremor resembling parkinsonian tremor have scans without evidence of dopaminergic deficit (SWEDDs). (Mov Disord. 2007)
Prevalence of essential tremor in patients with Parkinson's disease vs. Parkinson-plus syndromes. (Mov Disord. 2007) "Patients with PD were three to thirteen times more likely to have diagnoses of ET than were patients with Parkinson-plus syndromes. These data further confirm the link between ET and PD, and possibly, between ET and Lewy body disease."
Prevalence of essential tremor in the territory of Lake Trasimeno, Italy: Results of a population-based study. (Mov Disord. 2007)
Psychogenic tremor and related disorders. (J Neurol. 2007) "Psychogenic tremor is the most common form (55%) of all psychogenic movement disorders. Almost 75% of presenting patients are female. Onset is often abrupt. Preceding events include work related injuries and other accidents. Important clinical characteristic include variability of direction, amplitude and frequency. A positive entrainment test, presence of the co-contraction sign, absence of finger tremor and slowness of voluntary movements are suggestive of psychogenic origin."
Reported Hearing Impairment in Essential Tremor: A Population-Based Case-Control Study. (Neuroepidemiology. 2007)
[Relationship between essential tremor, Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies.] (Rev Neurol. 2007) "CONCLUSIONS. ET, PD and DLB could represent different points on the same clinical spectrum."
Risk of incident dementia in essential tremor: A population-based study. (Mov Disord. 2007) " … ET cases with tremor onset after age 65 years were twice as likely to develop incident dementia than were controls …"
Self-reported depression and anti-depressant medication use in essential tremor: cross-sectional and prospective analyses in a population-based study. (Eur J Neurol. 2007)
Serotonin toxicity: a practical approach to diagnosis and treatment. (Med J Aust. 2007) "Serotonin toxicity is characterised by neuromuscular excitation (clonus, hyperreflexia, myoclonus, rigidity), autonomic stimulation (hyperthermia, tachycardia, diaphoresis, tremor, flushing) and changed mental state (anxiety, agitation, confusion). Serotonin toxicity can be: mild (serotonergic features that may or may not concern the patient); moderate (toxicity which causes significant distress and deserves treatment, but is not life-threatening); or severe (a medical emergency characterised by rapid onset of severe hyperthermia, muscle rigidity and multiple organ failure)."
The entity of jaw tremor and dystonia. (Mov Disord. 2007) "CONCLUSION: We propose the entity of "jaw tremor and dystonia". It is distinct from jaw tremor due to other causes including Parkinson's disease and essential tremor."
[Tremor.] (Ther Umsch. 2007)
Tremor in multiple sclerosis. (J Neurol. 2007) "Tremor is estimated to occur in about 25 to 60 percent of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). This symptom, which can be severely disabling and embarrassing for patients, is difficult to manage."
Update on pathogenesis and treatment of essential tremor. (Curr Opin Neurol. 2007) "SUMMARY: The traditional view of essential tremor as a single disease entity has been replaced with the concept that this disorder is a complex and heterogeneous disease. Heterogeneity of the condition, and lack of diagnostic criteria and objective diagnostic tests add to this problem."
Whole-Body Tremulousness (Arch Neurol. 2007)
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