Antioxidants - Oxidative Stress
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Antioxidants and Oxidative Stress
General Information
NEWS:
Antioxidant Deficiency Linked To Pulmonary Hypertension
Antioxidant Effects From Eating Almonds “While this study helps to show the antioxidant benefit of eating almonds, further research is needed to shed light on the individual contributions of vitamin E and polyphenolic constituents, such as flavonoids, found in almonds and other tree nuts. The study did not demonstrate a minimum amount of dietary almonds that would result in a biological effect.”
Antioxidant Users Don't Live Longer, Analysis Of Studies Concludes “Most people do eat not enough fruits and vegetables to ensure an adequate intake of vital nutrients. However, it is unclear if supplementation can provide benefits akin to a healthy diet and if some antioxidants are, in fact, harmful. Antioxidants are nutrients such as vitamin E, vitamin C, or beta carotene that have been marketed as a way to counter the damaging effects of oxygen in the tissues. … A supplement-industry trade group questions both the review conclusions and the study selection process for the analysis. "Four hundred five studies which showed no deaths were excluded from the meta-analysis, which if included, clearly would have altered the outcome of the meta-analysis," said Andrew Shao, Ph.D., vice president of scientific and regulatory affairs for the Council for Responsible Nutrition, a supplement industry trade association in Washington, D.C. Shao maintained that antioxidant supplements are safe additions to a healthy diet. The review only includes studies in which someone died.”
Eating Causes Stress, But Antioxidants Can Help “The scientists found that the antioxidant capacity of volunteers' blood plasma samples declined after eating a test meal that lacked antioxidants. But the scientists also found, for the first time, that consuming grapes with that same test meal prevented the decline in plasma antioxidant capacity of the volunteers during the first two hours following the test meal—the time digestion is the most rapid. Prior, based at the ARS-funded Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center in Little Rock, Ark., noted that omitting antioxidant-rich foods from meals could lead to cellular damage by free radicals. Such damage is thought to increase risk of atherosclerosis, cancer and other diseases.“
Effects of Antioxidant Supplements On Cancer Are Mixed “The bottom line according to Aditya Bardia, M.D., lead author of the study, is that antioxidants do not lower the risk of cancer and beta carotene might actually increase cancer risk among smokers. Selenium might have beneficial properties, but it cannot be recommended for general use until more evidence is available.”
How Antioxidant Therapy May Play A Role In The Treatment Of Type 2 Diabetes
Mediterranean Diet Rich in Olive Oil and Walnuts Protects Against Oxidative Damage “Olive oil, a rich source of monounsaturated fatty acids, is a main component of the Mediterranean diet, and virgin olive oil retains all the lipophilic components of the fruit and phenolic compounds with strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, said Covas. Tree nuts, which are common to the Mediterranean diet, also have a favorable fatty acid profile and are a rich source of nutrients and other bioactive compounds, such as fiber, phytosterols, folic acid, and antioxidants, which may beneficially influence the risk for CHD, she told heartwire. … A previous study demonstrated that the Mediterranean diet can independently reduce the risk for total mortality as well as mortality related to coronary heart disease, all cardiovascular causes, and cancer. The diet was even more effective in reducing mortality when combined with other healthy behaviors. …The current study demonstrates that the Mediterranean diet can improve the degree of lipoprotein oxidation vs a low-fat diet among older patients at high risk for cardiovascular disease. “
Oxidative Stress May Predict Later Lung Trouble In Young Adults “Certain measures of oxidant stress are positively associated with declines in lung function five years down the road, and those declines are indicative of the possible onset of lung disease such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).“
Pomegranate Ranked Healthiest Fruit Juice
Spices May Protect Against Consequences Of High Blood Sugar “Hargrove explained that when blood sugar levels are high, a process known as protein glycation occurs in which the sugar bonds with proteins to eventually form what are known as advanced glycation end products, also known as AGE compounds. The acronym is fitting because these compounds activate the immune system, resulting in the inflammation and tissue damage associated with aging and diabetes. The researchers found a strong and direct correlation between the phenol content of common herbs and spices and their ability to inhibit the formation of AGE compounds. Spices such as cloves and cinnamon had phenol levels that were 30 percent and 18 percent of dry weight, respectively, while herbs such as oregano and sage were eight and six percent phenol by dry weight, respectively. For comparison, blueberries – which are widely touted for their antioxidant capabilities – contain roughly five percent phenol by dry weight. … “If you set up a good herb and spice cabinet and season your food liberally, you could double or even triple the medicinal value of your meal without increasing the caloric content,” she said. She added that controlling blood sugar and the formation of AGE compounds can also decrease the risk of cardiovascular damage associated with diabetes and aging. She explained that high blood sugar accelerates heart disease partly because AGE compounds form in the blood and in the walls of blood vessels. The AGE compounds aggravate atherosclerosis, which produces cholesterol plaques.“
ARTICLES:
Antioxidants and Omega-3 Fats: Functional Foods to Boost Health “"People who eat a plant-based diet are the healthiest people on the planet," says Katherine Tallmadge, MA, RA, LD, an American Dietetic Association spokeswoman. "Eat at least five cups of fruits and vegetables every day. Use olive oil instead of butter. Eat plenty of seafood. These are nutrition recommendations that won't change." What is changing is our understanding of how nutrients like omega-3 fatty acids and antioxidants are responsible for the health-promoting properties of functional foods -- and what you can do to maximize their effectiveness. Plant foods like fruits and vegetables, whole grains, nuts and seeds are your best bet to obtain disease-fighting antioxidants such as vitamins A, C and E, the mineral selenium, and flavonoids. The protective benefits of antioxidants seem to stem from their ability to protect your cells from dangerous free radicals, which you are exposed to as the result of natural processes and pollutants in the environment. … For the most protection, you should try to eat a wide variety of colorful fruits and vegetables, including garlic and onion, tomatoes, watermelon, leafy greens, broccoli, cauliflower, blueberries, carrots, and bell peppers. Beverages like tea, coffee, and red wine also contain antioxidants that may offer protection against many diseases, including diabetes, Alzheimer's, and heart disease. … When it comes to heart health, though, there is convincing evidence that fish oil supplements and fish seem to have roughly the same benefits. "Fish does have other benefits though, like selenium and vitamin D," Mozaffarian tells WebMD. "If I were choosing, I would choose fish over fish oil pills." “
Ditch the peeler to stop wrinkles and fight cancer
JOURNAL ARTICLES:
Alzheimer disease and the role of free radicals in the pathogenesis of the disease. (CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets. 2008)
Antioxidant effects of green tea and its polyphenols on bladder cells. (Life Sci. 2008) “ … suggesting that green tea polyphenols can protect against oxidative stress/damage and bladder cell death.”
Antioxidant nutrient intake and the long-term incidence of age-related cataract: the Blue Mountains Eye Study (Am J Clin Nutr 2008) “Conclusion: Higher intakes of vitamin C or the combined intake of antioxidants had long-term protective associations against development of nuclear cataract in this older population.”
Antioxidant supplements for prevention of mortality in healthy participants and patients with various diseases. (Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008)
Antioxidants and free radical scavengers for the treatment of stroke, traumatic brain injury and aging. (Curr Med Chem. 2008) “In particular, we demonstrate how antioxidants derived from natural products, as well as long-term dietary alterations, may prove to be effective scavengers of ROS and RNS.”
Association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and oxidative stress (American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2008) “Conclusions:The association between the Mediterranean diet and plasma oxidative stress is robust and is not confounded by genetic or shared environmental factors. Decreased oxidative stress is a plausible mechanism linking the Mediterranean diet to reduced cardiovascular disease risk.”
Banana Prevents Plasma Oxidative Stress in Healthy Individuals. (Plant Foods Hum Nutr. 2008) “In conclusion, the consumption of banana reduces the plasma oxidative stress and enhances the resistance to oxidative modification of LDL.”
Cardiovascular diseases: protective effects of melatonin. (J Pineal Res. 2008) “These findings have implications for the protective effects of melatonin against cardiac diseases induced by oxidative stress. Melatonin attenuates molecular and cellular damages resulting from cardiac ischemia/reperfusion in which destructive free radicals are involved. Anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties of melatonin are also involved in the protection against a chronic vascular disease, atherosclerosis. The administration of melatonin, as a result of its antioxidant features, has been reported to reduce hypertension and cardiotoxicity induced by clinically used drugs. The results described herein help to clarify the beneficial effects of melatonin against these conditions and define the potential clinical applicability of melatonin in cardiovascular diseases.”
Clinical relevance of oxidative stress in male factor infertility: an update. (Am J Reprod Immunol. 2008)
Determination of the Antioxidant Capacity of Culinary Herbs Subjected to Various Cooking and Storage Processes Using the ABTS(*+) Radical Cation Assay. (Plant Foods Hum Nutr. 2008)
Dietary Antioxidants, Fruits, and Vegetables and the Risk of Barrett's Esophagus (Am J Gastroenterol 2008) “CONCLUSION: Dietary antioxidants, fruits, and vegetables are inversely associated with the risk of BE, while no association was observed for supplement intake. Our results suggest that fruits and vegetables themselves or associated undetected confounders may influence early events in the carcinogenesis of esophageal adenocarcinoma.”
Does increased oxidative stress cause hypertension? (Diabetes Care. 2008)
Effect of antioxidants and exercise on bone metabolism. (J Sports Sci. 2008) “Our findings suggest that 8 weeks of combined antioxidant supplementation and aerobic training modified vitamin D metabolism and parathyroid hormone concentration. These adaptations might counterbalance the unfavourable hormonal profile frequently observed in the elderly that predisposes them to accentuated age-related bone loss.”
Evaluation of oxidative stress and inflammation in obese adults with metabolic syndrome. (Clin Chem Lab Med. 2008)
Fatty acids and oxidative stress in psychiatric disorders. (BMC Psychiatry. 2008) “Most psychiatric disorders are associated with increased oxidative stress. Patients suffering from that subgroup of these psychiatric disorders in which there is increased lipid peroxidation might therefore benefit from fatty acid supplementation (preferably with the inclusion of an antioxidant-rich diet) while patients suffering from all these psychiatric disorders might benefit from a change to a whole-food plant-based diet devoid of refined carbohydrate products.”
Grape seed proanthocyanidines and skin cancer prevention: Inhibition of oxidative stress and protection of immune system. (Mol Nutr Food Res. 2008)
Impact of high-dose antioxidants on outcomes in acutely injured patients. (JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2008) “CONCLUSIONS: A high-dose antioxidant protocol resulted in a 28% relative risk reduction in mortality and a significant reduction in both hospital and ICU length of stay. This protocol represents an inexpensive intervention to reduce mortality/morbidity in the trauma patient.”
Laboratory and Clinical Studies of Cancer Chemoprevention by Antioxidants in Berries. (Carcinogenesis. 2008)
Melatonin Reduces Oxidative Stress Induced by Chronic Exposure of Microwave Radiation from Mobile Phones in Rat Brain. (J Radiat Res (Tokyo). 2008) “Conclusion: We demonstrated two important findings; that mobile phones caused oxidative damage biochemically by increasing the levels of MDA, carbonyl groups, XO activity and decreasing CAT activity; and that treatment with the melatonin significantly prevented oxidative damage in the brain.”
Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Are Associated with Adiposity in Moderate to Severe CKD. (J Am Soc Nephrol. 2008) “We conclude that increased adiposity may amplify the oxidative stress and inflammation that accompany moderate to severe CKD. Interventions focused on weight loss may decrease the inflammatory and oxidative burden in CKD, which may ultimately attenuate cardiovascular risk in this population.”
Oxidative stress and male infertility—a clinical perspective (Human Reproduction Update 2008) “Male factor infertility accounts for up to half of all cases of infertility and affects one man in 20 in the general population (McLachlan and de Kretser, 2001). Evidence now suggests that reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated damage to sperm is a significant contributing pathology in 30–80% of cases (Iwasaki and Gagnon, 1992 ; Zini et al., 1993 ; Ochsendorf, 1994; Shekarriz et al., 1995a , b ; Agarwal et al., 2006a ). ROS, defined as including oxygen ions, free radicals and peroxides, cause infertility by two principal mechanisms. First, ROS damage the sperm membrane which in turn reduces the sperm's motility and ability to fuse with the oocyte. Secondly, ROS directly damage sperm DNA, compromising the paternal genomic contribution to the embryo. Despite the common association between compromised sperm quality and oxidative damage, men are rarely screened for oxidative stress nor treated for this condition. Instead they are usually offered ‘mechanical’ treatments such as intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF-ICSI) or intrauterine insemination (IUI). This is less than optimal as oxidative damage to sperm DNA is not directly ameliorated by either IVF-ICSI or IUI treatment. In addition, direct treatment of oxidative stress may allow for natural conception, thereby conserving scarce medical resources. This review will provide an overview of who is at risk of oxidative stress, the mechanisms by which oxidative stress produces infertility and the methods available for its diagnosis and treatment.”
Oxidative stress in psychiatric disorders: evidence base and therapeutic implications. (Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2008)
Oxidative stress in subarachnoid haemorrhage: significance in acute brain injury and vasospasm. (Acta Neurochir Suppl. 2008)
Oxidative Stress, Lens Gap Junctions, and Cataracts. (Antioxid Redox Signal. 2008)
Protective role of tea catechins on erythrocytes subjected to oxidative stress during human aging. (Nat Prod Res. 2008)
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