Multiple Sclerosis
- Diagnosis, Imaging, Screening
- General Information
- Guidelines
- Internet Sites
- Risk Factors
- Risk Reduction
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Multiple Sclerosis
NIH - Medical Encyclopedia Multiple Sclerosis
"Multiple sclerosis (MS) usually affects woman more than men. The disorder most commonly begins between ages 20 and 40, but can strike at any age. The exact cause is not known, but MS is believed to result from damage to the myelin sheath, the protective material which surrounds nerve cells. It is a progressive disease, meaning the damage gets worse over time. Inflammation destroys the myelin, leaving multiple areas of scar tissue (sclerosis). The inflammation occurs when the body's own immune cells attack the nervous system. The inflammation causes nerve impulses to slow down or become blocked, leading to the symptoms of MS. Repeated episodes, or flare ups, of inflammation can occur along any area of the brain and spinal cord."
Highlighted ArticleThe role of MRI in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. (Adv Neurol. 2006)
"There is no single test that is diagnostic of MS, including MRI. The lesions detected with MRI are pathologically nonspecific. The principles of MS diagnosis are based on showing dissemination of white matter lesions in space and time. … The first important role for MRI in the diagnosis of MS allows for an early diagnosis of MS … The second important role for MRI in the diagnostic work-up of suspected MS patients is to rule out alternative diagnoses obvious on MRI, such as spinal stenosis and most brain tumors. Characteristic lesions that favor MS include Dawson Fingers, ovoid lesions, corpus callosum lesions, and asymptomatic spinal cord lesions. However, other white matter diseases can have similar appearances on MRI. … MRI evidence plays a supportive role in what is ultimately a clinical diagnosis of MS, in the appropriate clinical situation, and always at the exclusion of alternative diagnoses."
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Notes
The Guidelines section will contain 2008 and some 2007 updated published guidelines. To view Guidelines from previous years, view the Guideline sections or the Article sections or our Monthly Online Newsletter (under the Guidelines section).
Multiple Sclerosis
Daily Treatment Report
Cognitive Therapy-CBT-Psychotherapy
Device Therapy
Drug Side-Effects and Interactions
Multiple sclerosis drug linked to liver injury "Drugmakers Biogen Idec Inc. and Elan Corp. Plc. have warned doctors of significant liver injury suffered by some patients taking the multiple sclerosis drug Tysabri, U.S. regulators said on Wednesday."
Drugs
Efficacy of Disease-Modifying Therapies in Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Comparison (Eur Neurol 2008)
Corticosteroids for the long-term treatment in multiple sclerosis (Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2008) "Authors' conclusions: There is no enough evidence that long-term corticosteroid treatment delays progression of long term disability in patients with MS. Since one study at high risk of bias showed that the administration of pulsed high dose i. v. MP is associated with a significant reduction in the risk of long term disability progression in patients with RR MS, an adequately powered, high quality RCT is needed to investigate this finding."
Exercise
Effect of Exercise Training on Walking Mobility in Multiple Sclerosis: A Meta-Analysis. (Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2008)
The positive effects of a physical activity program for multiple sclerosis patients with fatigue (NeuroRehabilitation 2008)
General Information
Effectiveness of rehabilitation intervention in persons with multiple sclerosis: a randomised controlled trial (Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2008) “Conclusion: An individualised rehabilitation programme reduces disability in persons with MS compared with no intervention.”
Best Treatment For Multiple Sclerosis May Depend On Disease Subtype
Current management of pain associated with multiple sclerosis. (CNS Drugs. 2008)
Guidelines
Immunotherapy
Internet Sites
Treatment Information
Drug-Food-Supplement Information
DrugDigest (drug interactions)
FDA - Drug Interactions: What You Should Know
NIH - Botanical Dietary Supplements: Background Information
NIH - Drug, Supplements, and Herbal Information
NIH - Herbal Supplements: Consider Safety, Too
NIH - Vitamin and Mineral Supplement Fact Sheets
Nutrition
Other
Other Treatments
Experimental
Cancer Drug Helps Hard-to-Treat MS
Radiotherapy
Supplements-Vitamins-CAM
OPTIMIZING VITAMIN D LEVELS IN PATIENTS WITH MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS (Clinical & Investigative Medicine 2008) “Conclusions: We found a high prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency despite a sizeable proportion taking at least 1000 IU of vitamin D3 daily.”
Examining the evidence: complementary adjunctive therapies for multiple sclerosis. (Neurol Res. 2008)
Complementary and alternative medicine for multiple sclerosis (Multiple Sclerosis 2008) “Among a wide variety of complementary and alternative medicine, diet modification (41%), Omega-3 fatty acids (37%), removal of amalgam fillings (28%), vitamins E (28%), B (36%), and C (28%), homeopathy (26%), and selenium (24%) were cited most frequently. Most respondents (69%) were satisfied with the effects of complementary and alternative medicine. Use of complementary and alternative medicine was associated with religiosity, functional independence, female sex, white-collar job, and higher education (P < 0.05).”
Surgery
Transplantation
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