Overweight - Obesity
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Overweight - Obesity
NIH - Medical Encyclopedia Obesity
"Obesity is also defined as a BMI (body mass index) over 30 kg/m2. Patients with a BMI between 25 and 29.9 are considered overweight, but not obese. … Obesity increases a person's risk of illness and death due to diabetes, stroke, coronary artery disease, hypertension, high cholesterol, and kidney and gallbladder disorders. Obesity may increase the risk for some types of cancer. It is also a risk factor for the development of osteoarthritis and sleep apnea. Genetic factors play some part in the development of obesity -- children of obese parents are 10 times more likely to be obese than children with parents of normal weight."
Highlighted Article[Lifestyle intervention in the treatment of severe obesity.] (Ugeskr Laeger. 2006)
"CONCLUSION: After 15 weeks of intensive lifestyle intervention, there were significant improvements in aerobic fitness and metabolic risk parameters, and the observed weight loss was equivalent to that obtained by surgical treatment. Decisive in the choice of obesity treatment will continue to be the extent of success in permanent weight loss."
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Overweight - Obesity
General Information
NEWS:
Americans Fatter in 37 States “The report's state-by-state rankings find Mississippi, West Virginia, and Alabama to be the most obese states. Colorado, Hawaii, and Connecticut are the least obese states — yet Colorado's obesity rate continues to climb toward 20% of adults, a level already surpassed by Hawaii and Connecticut. "The crisis is getting worse," Levi said at a news conference. "The 2008 report shows some states and communities have taken positive steps, but overall we are not treating the obesity epidemic with the seriousness it deserves." The most shocking figure in last year's report was that more than 30% of Mississippi adults were obese. This year, Mississippi's problem is even worse — and now Alabama and West Virginia have adult obesity rates over 30%. “
Eat Less Or Exercise More? Either Way Leads To More Youthful Hearts “Overweight people who lose a moderate amount of weight get an immediate benefit in the form of better heart health, according to a study conducted at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis. And the heart improvements happen whether that weight is shed by eating less or exercising more.”
Exercise-Heart Study Casts Doubt on “Fit But Fat” Theory “Compared with normal-weight active women, the risk for developing heart disease was 54 percent higher in overweight active women and 87 percent higher in obese active women. By contrast, it was 88 percent higher in overweight inactive women; and 2 1/2 times greater in obese inactive women.”
If you want to look at obesity trends, then the US is the place to visit. “Three in 10 (30.6%) of adults in Mississippi are obese, more than in any other state.”
Large waist may raise death risk for women “Women with large bellies may die earlier of heart disease and cancer than other women, regardless of their weight, a large U.S. study suggests. The findings, reported in the medical journal Circulation, add to evidence that when it comes to health risks, overall weight is not as important as where a person carries the fat.”
More Americans Obese, Government Finds “More than a quarter of all Americans are now obese, the latest U.S. government figures show. … Alabama, Mississippi, and Tennessee had the worst rates, with 30% of adults reporting weights that classified them as obese. Colorado had the slimmest population, with 18.7% of people in the obese category.”
Obesity boom will cost tax payers “Soaring obesity levels look set to drain local health and public service budgets, which will mean higher taxes for all, experts warn. Obesity could cost NHS in England £6.3bn by 2015 if no effective action is taken says the Department of Health. Local councils in England and Wales are already shelling out tens of thousands of pounds on "fat-friendly" services, like widening crematoria furnaces. This comes as work shows obesity levels may have been grossly underestimated.”
One In Three U.K. Adults Will Be Obese By 2012
Restricting Insulin to Lose Weight Deadly “Female diabetes patients who restrict their insulin levels increase their risk of death by three times. Doctors say this deadly practice is common in diabetic women suffering from an unusual eating disorder -- sometimes referred to as “diabulimia.””
Study questions 'fit but fat' theory “Weight was evaluated by body mass index: A BMI between 25 and 29 is considered overweight, while obese is 30 and higher. Compared with normal-weight active women, the risk for developing heart disease was 54 percent higher in overweight active women and 87 percent higher in obese active women. By contrast, it was 88 percent higher in overweight inactive women; and 2½ times greater in obese inactive women.”
ARTICLES:
Osteoarthritis — the forgotten obesity-related epidemic with worse to come “Among the 45–54-years age group (the stage at which osteoarthritis becomes a significant health problem), we calculated the population attributable risk (PAR) for osteoarthritis associated with obesity to be 25% for men and 22% for women, using a relative risk (RR) of 2.4 and obesity estimates of 23.3% for men and 20.1% for women. In terms of major health sequelae of the epidemic, this is second only to obesity-related type 2 diabetes (RR, 3.2; PAR, 34% for men, 31% for women). Some obese patients will have multiple obesity-related comorbidities.”
JOURNAL ARTICLES:
Epidemic Inflammation: Pondering Obesity. (Mol Med. 2008) “Over the past two decades, inflammation has been recognized as a major driver in the pathogenesis of several common diseases, including atherosclerosis, diabetes, cancer and asthma. Over the same period, there has been a steep rise in the incidence of obesity, a major risk factor for these disorders. Inflammation of adipose tissue is now recognized to accompany obesity and contribute to its sequellae. Thus, while obesity is primarily a disorder of energy balance, it may be helpful to consider it also as a form of epidemic inflammation that predisposes to other forms of epidemic inflammation. … Recognition of the link between inflammation and obesity dates to 1993, when the inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF) was shown to arise from adipose tissue in obese rodents and contribute to their insulin resistance (3). Insulin resistance is a state in which fat, muscle and liver cells fail to respond normally to insulin, which can lead to increased glucose and fatty acids in the circulation. Ten years later, it emerged that adipose tissue is infiltrated by macrophages in obese children and adults (4) and in mice (5), in proportion to how far they exceed normal body weight. These macrophages express TNF, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and other inflammatory substances. Very recently, changes diagnostic of inflammation—increased leakiness of vessels and adhesion of leukocytes and platelets-- were documented in the microcirculation of visceral but not subcutaneous adipose tissue in obese but not lean mice (6). The products arising from inflamed adipose tissue (adipositis) contribute to an inflammatory state in distant cells, such as endothelium, arterial and bronchial smooth muscle and pancreatic islets. This systemic inflammation helps drives insulin resistance, endothelial dysfunction and high blood pressure (hypertension), conditions that often progress to diabetes and atherosclerosis, and also predisposes to asthma and certain cancers (7).”
Overview of obesity in Mainland China. (Obes Rev. 2008)
Overweight body mass index classification modifies arterial stiffening associated with weight gain in healthy middle-aged Japanese men. (Hypertens Res. 2008)
Prevalence of Vitamin D Insufficiency and Deficiency in Morbidly Obese Patients: A Comparison with Non-Obese Controls. (Obes Surg. 2008) “CONCLUSION: Vitamin D deficiency is common in obese patients at the time of bariatric surgery and is also accompanied by secondary hyperparathyroidism approximately half the time. These findings suggest that vitamin D deficiency after bariatric surgery is multifactorial and in part caused by preoperative vitamin D deficiency rather than postoperative malabsorption alone. In this study, increased vitamin D deficiency in obese persons cannot be explained by a difference in calcium/vitamin D intake or sunlight exposure.”
Relationship Between BMI and All-cause Mortality in Japan: NIPPON DATA80. (Obesity (Silver Spring). 2008) “We found a U-shaped relationship between BMI and fatal events. Risk of total mortality was highest in participants with BMI <18.5 kg/m(2) and lowest in participants with BMI 23.0-24.9 kg/m(2).”
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