Overweight - Obesity
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Overweight - Obesity
NIH - Medical Encyclopedia Obesity
"Obesity is also defined as a BMI (body mass index) over 30 kg/m2. Patients with a BMI between 25 and 29.9 are considered overweight, but not obese. … Obesity increases a person's risk of illness and death due to diabetes, stroke, coronary artery disease, hypertension, high cholesterol, and kidney and gallbladder disorders. Obesity may increase the risk for some types of cancer. It is also a risk factor for the development of osteoarthritis and sleep apnea. Genetic factors play some part in the development of obesity -- children of obese parents are 10 times more likely to be obese than children with parents of normal weight."
Highlighted Article[Lifestyle intervention in the treatment of severe obesity.] (Ugeskr Laeger. 2006)
"CONCLUSION: After 15 weeks of intensive lifestyle intervention, there were significant improvements in aerobic fitness and metabolic risk parameters, and the observed weight loss was equivalent to that obtained by surgical treatment. Decisive in the choice of obesity treatment will continue to be the extent of success in permanent weight loss."
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Overweight - Obesity
Overweight - Obesity Risks
NEWS:
Abdominal Adiposity Linked to Hot Flashes in Menopausal Women
Asthma attacks worsened by obesity
Fatness 'ups inflammatory activity' “Fatness increases the level of inflammatory activity in the body, something which is recognised as being a strong risk factor for illness and death from coronary heart disease, a new study indicates.”
Flab kills more people than terrorism “"The human costs are frightening when we consider that obesity could shorten the average lifespan of an entire generation, resulting in the first reversal in life expectancy since data collecting began in 1900," Professor Gostin said. … It will recommend ways to reduce sugar, fat and salt content in food, improve labelling, regulate advertising, make fresh food more affordable, workplaces healthier and cities more cycle- and pedestrian-friendly. Summit facilitator Rob Moodie from the Nossal Institute for Global Health at the University of Melbourne said that eating too much, exercising too little and smoking were proving ultimately more dangerous than the acts committed by terrorists.”
Heart disease risk soars with obesity, diabetes “Researchers found that of more than 3,400 adults in a long-running U.S. heart study, women who were obese and diabetic had a nearly 80 percent chance of developing heart disease at some point. For their male counterparts, that figure was nearly 90 percent.”
Heavier People Have Heart Attacks Earlier: 12 years sooner for the most obese, new research finds “One reason for the difference is that obese people are more likely to have other risk factors for heart disease, such as diabetes, high cholesterol and high blood pressure. "But even after adjusting for those factors, just being heavy added considerable risk," Peterson said.”
Heavy teens run risk of severe liver damage “The American Liver Foundation and other experts estimate 2 percent to 5 percent of American children over age 5, nearly all of them obese or overweight, have the condition, called nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.”
Large Waist Can Almost Double Your Risk Of Premature Death, Says Europe-wide Study “The study provides strong evidence that storing excess fat around the waist poses a significant health risk, even in people not considered to be overweight or obese. It suggests that doctors should measure a patient's waistline and their hips as well as their body mass index as part of standard health checks, according to the researchers, from Imperial College London, the German Institute of Human Nutrition, and other research institutions across Europe.”
Large UK Study Reaffirms Body Fat-Cancer Link “Researchers found that obesity doubled the risk for several common cancers, and that excess body fat may play a role in some rare cancers as well. Last November, the AICR expert panel concluded that carrying excess body fat is now convincingly linked to cancers of the colon, rectum, pancreas, kidney, endometrium, breast (post-menopausal) and a specific kind of esophageal cancer as well.”
Link Found Between Obesity, Unhealthy Lifestyles And More Complex Urinary Problems
Nearly Half Of US Adults Will Develop Painful Knee Osteoarthritis By Age 85: Study “The study also found that a person’s lifetime risk rose as their body mass index or BMI increased, with the greatest risk found in those whose weight was normal at age 18 but were overweight or obese at 45 or older. “These results show how important weight management is for people throughout their lives,” said Dr. Joanne Jordan, principal investigator of the Johnston County Osteoarthritis Project and senior study author. “Simply put, people who keep their weight within the normal range are much less likely to develop symptomatic knee osteoarthritis as they get older and thus much less likely to face the need for major surgical procedures, such as knee replacement surgery.” “
Obesity And Depression May Be Linked “A major review reveals that research indicates people who are obese may be more likely to become depressed, and people who are depressed may be more likely to become obese.”
Obesity Can Increase Dementia Risk By Up To 80 Percent, Study Suggests
Obesity has now overtaken alcohol as the number one cause of liver disease. “Being overweight or obese carries with it a huge number of potential health risks, among them heart disease, diabetes, cancer and arthritis. Now add to that liver disease.”
Obesity 'hikes' pancreatic risk “Obese women, who carry most of their excess weight around the stomach, are 70% more likely to develop pancreatic cancer, research suggests. Obesity was thought to increase the risk - but more in men than women. However, the new study, of more than 138,000 postmenopausal US women over seven years, suggests it is a significant risk factor for women too. “
Obesity Linked to Risk for Colorectal Adenoma “There is a linear, dose-dependent association between BMI and the prevalence of colorectal adenoma and the risk of having 3 or more adenomas in Japanese participants. • Weight reduction is associated with a lower risk for colorectal adenoma in Japanese participants.“
Obesity May Raise Risk of Progression to Permanent Atrial Fibrillation “New research suggests that obesity not only increases the risk of first atrial fibrillation, it also increases the odds that paroxysmal atrial fibrillation will become permanent. "This study extends our understanding of the relationship between obesity/left atrial size and atrial fibrillation. Specifically, there was a graded risk relationship between body mass index and progression from paroxysmal to permanent atrial fibrillation, and larger left atrial size augmented the risk of such progression," Dr. Teresa S. M. Tsang and associates write.“
Obesity tough on the knees, and men's hips “Obesity raises the risk of severe knee arthritis and may do similar damage in the hips, but perhaps only in men, a new study suggests. Researchers found that among nearly 2,600 older Icelandic adults, those who were overweight were more likely to have had a total knee replacement due to severe arthritis. Obese men and women were particularly at risk. When it came to the odds of total hip replacement, obese men were again at greater risk. However, weight was not a factor for women, the researchers report in the Annals of Rheumatic Diseases.“
Prostate Cancer Prognosis Worse in Obese Men “Prostate cancer diagnosis tends to be delayed and complete surgical resection more difficult in obese men than in lean men, according to two reports in BJU International, published online on August 8. The primary reason for the delay in diagnosis, and consequently poorer outcome, Dr. Stephen J. Freedland and colleagues suggest, is that "prostate-specific antigen (PSA)-based screening is biased against obese men," due to lower PSA levels caused by hemodilution from a larger plasma volume.“
ARTICLES:
JOURNAL ARTICLES:
Abdominal Obesity and the Risk of All-Cause, Cardiovascular, and Cancer Mortality. Sixteen Years of Follow-Up in US Women (Circulation 2008) “Conclusions—Anthropometric measures of abdominal adiposity were strongly and positively associated with all-cause, CVD, and cancer mortality independently of body mass index. Elevated waist circumference was associated with significantly increased CVD mortality even among normal-weight women.”
Abdominal obesity: the cholesterol of the 21st century? (Can J Cardiol. 2008)
Body mass index and asthma severity in the National Asthma Survey. (Thorax. 2008) “CONCLUSIONS: In a large, diverse sample of adults with asthma, obesity was associated with measures of asthma severity after adjusting for potential confounders.”
Body Mass Index and Waist Circumference in Relation to Lung Cancer Risk in the Women's Health Initiative. (Am J Epidemiol. 2008) “These findings suggest that in smokers, BMI is inversely associated with lung cancer risk and that waist circumference is positively associated with risk.”
Body mass index and weight gain prior to pregnancy and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (AJOG 2007) “These results suggest that weight gain within 5 years before pregnancy may increase the risk of GDM.“
Body Size and Renal Cell Cancer Incidence in a Large US Cohort Study (American Journal of Epidemiology 2008) “Weight gain in early (18–35 years of age) and mid- (35–50 years of age) adulthood was strongly associated with RCC, whereas weight gain after midlife (age 50 years to baseline) was unrelated. Waist-to hip ratio was positively associated with RCC in women and with height at age 18 years in both men and women.”
Chronic Pain and Obesity in Elderly People: Results from the Einstein Aging Study (Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 2008) “CONCLUSION: Chronic pain is common in this elderly population, affects women more than men, and is highly associated with obesity.“
[Considerable comorbidity in overweight adults: results from the Utrecht Health Project] (Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd. 2008) “CONCLUSION: Overweight was associated with a broad range of physical and mental health conditions and a reduced health-related quality of life. Routine measurement of BMI upon entering a primary care practice is relatively simple and may contribute to the identification of individuals at high risk of comorbidity.”
Contribution of Obesity and Abdominal Fat Mass to Risk of Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attacks (Stroke. 2008) “Conclusions— Markers of abdominal adiposity showed a graded and significant association with risk of stroke/TIA, independent of other vascular risk factors. Waist circumference and related ratios can better predict cerebrovascular events than BMI.”
Evidence that obesity alters the quality of oocytes and embryos. (Pathophysiology. 2008) “Infertility is more common in overweight and obese women, with reproductive impairments occurring at many levels of the hypothalamic-ovarian-uterine axis. These impairments lead primarily to longer times to conception and decreased pregnancy rates and have resulted in increasing numbers of overweight and obese women seeking assisted reproduction technologies, such as in vitro fertilization or IVF. Even after undertaking IVF procedures obese women have decreased pregnancy rates compared to moderate weight women, suggesting there may be intrinsic differences in the oocytes of these patients.”
Incidence of hypertension in individuals with abdominal obesity in a rural Japanese population: the Tanno and Sobetsu study. (Hypertens Res. 2008) “The results of this study suggest that, to prevent HT in Japanese, it is important to manage abdominal obesity and to monitor WC in individuals with or without abdominal obesity.”
Obesity and central obesity as risk factors for incident dementia and its subtypes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. (Obes Rev. 2008)
[Obesity and heart failure.] (Internist (Berl). 2008) “Obesity doubles the risk of heart failure independent of comorbidities like hypertension or coronary artery disease …”
Obesity and mental disorders in the adult general population. (J Psychosom Res. 2008) “CONCLUSION: Stronger associations were observed between anxiety disorders and obesity than between mood disorders and obesity; the association between PTSD and obesity is a novel finding. These findings are interpreted in light of research on the role of anxiety in eating pathology, and deserve the further attention of researchers and clinicians.”
Obesity and psychopathology in women: a three decade prospective study (International Journal of Obesity (2008)) “Conclusion: Findings extend existing evidence of the mental health consequences of obesity in a representative sample of mothers, and suggest that obesity may have long-term implications for mental distress in women at a clinical level over the adult years.“
Obesity and Risk of Cancer in Postmenopausal Korean Women (Journal of Clinical Oncology 2008) “Conclusion: Although variations exist between the individual cancer sites, obesity was associated with an overall increased risk of cancer in postmenopausal Korean women. To reduce the risk of cancer, active strategies to prevent obesity should be implemented in postmenopausal women.”
Overweight and health problems of the lower extremities: osteoarthritis, pain and disability. (Public Health Nutr. 2008)
Relationship between body mass index and gray matter volume in 1,428 healthy individuals. (Obesity (Silver Spring). 2008) “DISCUSSION: Global loss and regional alterations in gray matter volume occur in obese male subjects, suggesting that male subjects with a high BMI are at greater risk for future declines in cognition or other brain functions.”
Risk Factors for the Incidence of Breast Cancer: Do They Affect Survival From the Disease? (Journal of Clinical Oncology 2008) “Conclusion: The apparent benefit of alcohol intake has not been described before, and our data need to be interpreted with some caution. However, our finding that an increase in BMI is associated with a poorer prognosis supports previously published data and suggests that advice on weight loss should be given to all obese patients with breast cancer. “
The association between periodontal disease and obesity among adults in Jordan. (J Clin Periodontol. 2008)
The association of overweight and ankle injuries in children. (Ambul Pediatr. 2008)
The effects of body mass index on cerebral blood flow velocity. (Clin Auton Res. 2008) “INTERPRETATION: High BMI is associated with a reduction in cerebral BFV and increased CVR. These findings indicate that obesity can adversely affect cerebral blood flow and resistance in the cerebrovascular bed, independent of diagnosis of type-2 diabetes, hypertension or stroke. Obesity may contribute to cerebromicrovascular disease, and affect clinical functional outcomes of the older population.”
The Impact of Obesity on Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors and Subclinical Vascular Disease ( Arch Intern Med. 2008)
Visceral Fat Accumulation Induced by a High-fat Diet Causes the Atrophy of Mesenteric Lymph Nodes in Obese Mice. (Obesity (Silver Spring). 2008) “These results suggest that visceral fat accumulation with a high-fat diet can cause the atrophy of mesenteric lymph nodes by enhancing activation-induced lymphoid cell apoptosis. Dietary fat-induced visceral obesity may be crucial for obesity-related immune dysfunction.”
Waist Circumference and Mortality (American Journal of Epidemiology 2008) “The finding that persons with a normal BMI but a large waist circumference had a higher mortality risk in this study suggests that increased waist circumference should be considered a risk factor for mortality, in addition to BMI.”
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