Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)
REVIEW our Selected STDs Articles in 2007. Stay informed and updated!
Also review Related Articles: Cervical Cancer, Prostate Cancer, Prostatitis, Fertility - Infertility
If you have any questions regarding our Search Reports, please contact us at info@infomedsearch.com.
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
NIH - Sexually Transmitted Diseases “Also called: Sexually transmitted infections, STDs, Venereal disease Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are infections that you can get from having sex with someone who has the infection. The causes of STDs are bacteria, parasites and viruses. There are more than 20 types of STDs, including • Chlamydia • Gonorrhea • Herpes Simplex • HIV/AIDS • HPV • Syphilis • Trichomoniasis Most STDs affect both men and women, but in many cases the health problems they cause can be more severe for women. If a pregnant woman has an STD, it can cause serious health problems for the baby. If you have an STD caused by bacteria or parasites, your health care provider can treat it with antibiotics or other medicines. If you have an STD caused by a virus, there is no cure. Sometimes medicines can keep the disease under control. Correct usage of latex condoms greatly reduces, but does not completely eliminate, the risk of catching or spreading STDs.”
NIH - Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) “What are the different types of STDs? Researchers have identified more than 20 different kinds of STDs, which can fall into two main groups: STDs caused by bacteria - These diseases can be treated and often cured with antibiotics. Some bacterial STDs include: chlamydia, gonorrhea, trichomoniasis, and syphilis. STDs caused by viruses - These diseases can be controlled, but not cured. If you get a viral STD, you will always have it. Some viral STDs include: HIV/AIDS, genital herpes, genital warts, human papilloma virus (HPV), hepatitis B virus, and cytomegalovirus. What are the symptoms of STDs? The symptoms vary among the different types of STDs. Some examples of common symptoms include: Unusual discharge from the penis or vagina Sores or warts on the genital area Burning while urinating Itching and redness in the genital area Anal itching, soreness, or bleeding “
NHS - Sexually transmitted infections “Most conditions vary in their symptoms but the most common are listed below: Chlamydia In women, genital chlamydial infection often does not cause any symptoms. However, there may be non-specific symptoms such as cystitis, a change in the vaginal discharge, or mild lower abdominal pain. Men with chlamydia commonly experience a urethral discharge from the penis, and may have inflammation of the tube leading from the bladder to the tip of the penis (urethritis), or of the tube leading from the testes to the penis (epidymitis). This discomfort may then disappear but the infection can still be passed on to a sexual partner. Genital warts Many people who get the virus that leads to genital warts do not show any recognisable symptoms, and this is why the infection can go undiagnosed for a long time. However, if symptoms are present, they may include small white spots or lumps that are hidden inside the vagina or anus. Genital herpes Like genital warts, genital herpes is a condition that often presents no symptoms and can remain undiagnosed for long periods of time. Symptoms may show in the form of flu-like symptoms, itchiness, burning or tingling around the genitals, small, fluid-filled blisters that burst to leave sores, and pain when passing urine. Gonorrhoea Gonorrhoea is an infection that is found in both sexes and can affect the genitals, anus, rectum and throat. About half of all women infected with gonorrhoea, and over 90% of men experience symptoms, including a thin, watery discharge from the vagina or tip of the penis that can appear yellow or green, and pain when urinating. Syphilis The symptoms of syphilis usually begin with a small sore on the penis or vagina. Up to six months after the initial symptoms occur, you may experience flu-like symptoms, such as aching and shivering. HIV Many people do not develop any symptoms when they first become infected with HIV. Some people, however, get a flu-like illness within three to six weeks after exposure to the virus. The only way to know if you are HIV-positive is to have a test. Over time, infection with HIV weakens the immune system leading to difficulty fighting off certain infections. Non-specific urethritis Non-specific urethritis is an STI that affects men. It causes discomfort of the urethra (the tube that leads from the bladder to the tip of the penis, along which urine is passed), and a urethral discharge is also common. Trichomoniasis Trichomoniasis is an infection of the genitals that is caused by the bacterium trichomonas vaginalis (TV). The condition often has no symptoms, but symptoms may include a yellow or green discharge from the vagina with soreness. Men usually act as carriers and do not show symptoms. Pubic lice Symptoms of pubic lice include itchy skin, and you may notice black powder (lice droppings) in your underwear and white eggs. Scabies Scabies can occur anywhere on the body, but sometimes the signs are hard to see. Symptoms can appear weeks after first contact and include itching (especially at night), a rash, and tiny spots. Thrush Symptoms of thrush include intense itching around your penis or vagina, with a thick, white discharge, and the appearance of tiny white spots around the genitals. “
NHS - Condom negotiation (Video)
NIH - Sexually Transmitted Diseases – Multiple Languages “ Bosnian (Bosanski), Japanese, Somali (af Soomaali), Chinese - Simplified, Korean, Spanish (español), French (français), Portuguese (português), Tagalog (Tagalog), Hindi, Russian, Ukrainian“
Highlighted Articles
Regular chlamydia tests urged for young people “Young sexually active people should get themselves tested annually for the infection chlamydia and again every time they change partner, the Health Protection Agency said on Tuesday. Everyone should use a condom with a new partner until both have been screened, the agency warned as it published figures showing the number of sexual diseases diagnosed in Britain rose 6 percent last year. Young people were disproportionately affected, said Peter Borriello, Director of the HPA's Centre for Infections. "Substantial numbers of young people remain undiagnosed, untreated and unaware of the risk they pose both to their own health and that of their sexual partner," he added. People aged 18-24 form just one in eight of the population but account for around half of all newly diagnosed sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in the UK.”
Repeat chlamydia infection common in girls “Because chlamydia often causes no symptoms or only mild ones, experts recommend that all sexually active women age 25 or younger be tested for the infection once a year. Those who test positive should be tested again 3 months later to catch any repeat infection. The current findings underscore the importance of frequently re-testing in adolescents, especially when there is a history of chlamydia, according to the researchers, led by Dr. Charlotte A. Gaydos of Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore. The results also suggest that school-based health clinics are a good place to offer these tests.“
Genital herpes. (Lancet. 2008) “Most genital HSV-2 infections are unrecognised and undiagnosed; infected individuals, even with mild symptoms, shed HSV, and can infect sexual partners. Since clinical diagnosis is neither sensitive nor specific, virological and type-specific serological tests should be used routinely. Oral antiviral drugs for HSV infections are safe and effective and can be used both to treat episodes and to prevent recurrences. Antiviral treatment of the infected partners and condom use reduce the risk of sexual transmission of HSV-2.”
Gonococcemia “Gonococcemia is defined as the presence of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in the bloodstream, which can lead to the development of disseminated gonococcal infection (DGI). Gonorrhea is the second most often reported sexually transmitted disease (STD) in the United States behind chlamydia. About 600,000 people each year in the United States are infected, with only about half being reported.1 Gonococcemia occurs in about 0.5-3% of patients with gonorrhea. The clinical manifestations of this process are biphasic, with an early bacteremic phase consisting of tenosynovitis, arthralgias,2 and dermatitis, followed by a localized phase consisting of localized septic arthritis. Other potentially severe clinical complications include osteomyelitis, meningitis, endocarditis, adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS),3, 4 and fatal septic shock.5 Polymyositis is also a rare complication of gonococcemia. Patients who are pregnant or menstruating may be particularly prone to gonococcemia. Other populations that are at risk of infection include women and those with complement deficiencies, HIV, or systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). DGI is an important, potentially life-threatening, and easily treatable clinical entity that remains the most common cause of acute septic arthritis in young sexually active adults.“
Internet SitesCONTINUE YOUR INFOMEDSEARCH RESEARCH with our previous InfoMedLinks. Start with InfoMedLinks 2007.
Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)
General Information
NEWS:
All types of sexual activity carry some STD risk “Sexual activity other than intercourse carries some risk of sexually transmitted disease, and doctors should make sure their patients understand that, according to the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG). Many people may engage in "noncoital" sexual activities such as oral sex, mutual masturbation and anal sex to prevent pregnancy and cut the risk of STDs. However, all of these sex acts come with some degree of STD risk, and it's still important for people to protect themselves, according to an ACOG expert committee. "Most people, including adolescents, are unlikely to use condoms during oral sex, which places them at risk for acquiring an STD," Dr. Richard Guido, one of the report authors, said in an ACOG statement. "This unlikelihood is partly because of a greater perceived safety compared with intercourse." “
Behavioral Intervention Reduces Recurrent Sexually Transmitted Infections in Teens
CDC: Young African-American Men Get Most HIV “"The number of new HIV infections among young black men who have sex with men is alarming," Kevin Fenton, MD, PhD, director of the CDC's division of HIV/AIDS, said at a news conference held to announce the findings. No less alarming is the astonishingly heavy impact of HIV on African-American women, says Richard Wolitski, PhD, acting director of the CDC's division of HIV/AIDS prevention. "A range of issues contributes to disproportionate HIV risk for African-Americans, such as poverty, stigma, lack of access to health care, and higher rates of sexually transmitted diseases," Wolitski said at the news conference. "Black women face additional challenges such as power imbalances in sexual relationships with men. This may affect their ability to protect themselves by measures such as using condoms." “
Deadly new form of MRSA emerges “Dr Diep said the best way to avoid transmission was probably to wash thoroughly with soap and water, especially after sexual activities.”
Drug Use By Europe's Young People Leads To Risky Sexual Behaviour “High levels of alcohol and drug consumption by young people in Europe is leading to an increase in unsafe sexual practices and a consequent rise in sexually-transmitted disease infections, according to a recently published study by the European Institute of Studies on Prevention (IREFREA).”
Green tea extract useful for genital warts “"Green tea catechins exert multiple biologic activities, involving potent antiviral and antioxidant activity," Dr. Silvio Tatti, now at the Hospital Clinicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina, and colleagues note in the journal Obstetrics and Gynecology. Given that genital and anal warts are caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) and that effective, well tolerated treatments are lacking, there has been interest in treatment with sinecatechins ointments.“
Herpes Often Unknowingly Spread
Heterosexual Infectivity of HIV Underestimated “These cofactors each increased the risk of infection by 2 to 8 transmissions per 1000 sexual contacts.”
High case rates make D.C. the nation's HIV/AIDS capital “One in 20 Washington, D.C., residents is HIV-positive, and one in 50 has AIDS -- both numbers underscore the staying power of this disease and the importance of refining efforts to control its spread, according to a new report compiled by the District of Columbia's Dept. of Health. Experts say an examination of this local epidemic's scope and complexity holds lessons for the rest of the nation. … 33.2% are men who have sex with men; 29.5% were infected through heterosexual contact; 20.8% through injection drug use. The remaining cases are attributed to multiple transmission modes.”
Higher anaphylaxis rates after HPV vaccination: CMAJ study “The estimated rate of anaphylaxis in young women after human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination was significantly higher – 5 to 20 fold – than that identified in comparable school-based vaccination programs …”
HIV resurges in men who have sex with men
H.I.V. Is Spreading in New York City at Three Times the National Rate, a Study Finds
HPV Causing More Oral Cancer in Men “The sexually transmitted virus that causes cervical cancer in women is poised to become one of the leading causes of oral cancer in men, according to a new study. The HPV virus now causes as many cancers of the upper throat as tobacco and alcohol, probably due both to an increase in oral sex and the decline in smoking, researchers say.“
Human Papilloma Virus Linked to Rising Throat Cancers in Men “A sexually-transmitted virus that causes cervical cancer has been linked to cancers of the tonsil and tongue in men -- diseases that have been on the rise in men for the last 30 years, according to a study by a Colorado Springs doctor and researcher.”
Ignorance Is Bliss, And Then You Get an STD
More circumcision needed to control AIDS in Africa
New Insight On HIV Transmission Risk Of Men Who Have Sex With Men
Noncoital Sexual Activity May Not Be "Safe" Sex “Diseases that can be transmitted through noncoital sexual activity include HIV; HSV-1; HSV-2; HPV; hepatitis A, B, and C virus; syphilis; gonorrhea; and chlamydia. Transmission of chancroid, shigellosis, salmonellosis, and other enteric infections is uncommon but possible. • Recommendations to reduce the risk for disease from noncoital sexual activity include assessment of the sexual partners, community prevalence of disease, history of STD, and patterns of barrier methods. Other recommendations are safer behaviors, abstinence, mutual monogamy, limiting partners, STD testing before sexual activity with a new partner, correct and consistent condom use, cleaning sex toys, and counseling for serodiscordant STD couples. “
Regular chlamydia tests urged for young people “Young sexually active people should get themselves tested annually for the infection chlamydia and again every time they change partner, the Health Protection Agency said on Tuesday. Everyone should use a condom with a new partner until both have been screened, the agency warned as it published figures showing the number of sexual diseases diagnosed in Britain rose 6 percent last year. Young people were disproportionately affected, said Peter Borriello, Director of the HPA's Centre for Infections. "Substantial numbers of young people remain undiagnosed, untreated and unaware of the risk they pose both to their own health and that of their sexual partner," he added. People aged 18-24 form just one in eight of the population but account for around half of all newly diagnosed sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in the UK.”
Repeat chlamydia infection common in girls “Because chlamydia often causes no symptoms or only mild ones, experts recommend that all sexually active women age 25 or younger be tested for the infection once a year. Those who test positive should be tested again 3 months later to catch any repeat infection. The current findings underscore the importance of frequently re-testing in adolescents, especially when there is a history of chlamydia, according to the researchers, led by Dr. Charlotte A. Gaydos of Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore. The results also suggest that school-based health clinics are a good place to offer these tests.“
Risk of Female HPV Acquisition From First Male Sex Partner Significant “"HPV infections are common among newly sexually active young women, even in those reporting only one partner," Dr. Rachel L. Winer from University of Washington in Seattle, Washington told Reuters Health. "HPV vaccines will have the greatest impact when administered before sexual debut."”
Safe Sex: What You Don't Know Can Hurt You And Your Partner
"Selective avoidance" does not reduce STD risk “"Girls do not have a good way of differentiating risky from non-risky partners," lead researcher Dr. Ralph J. DiClemente, of Emory University in Atlanta, told Reuters Health. "They think they do," he explained, "but the data indicate that while they may be more 'selective' in choosing who to have as a sex partner, the outcome of getting an STD is the same." “
Sex diseases 'double in over-45s'“The Health Protection Agency (HPA) study said internet dating and erectile dysfunction drugs were partly to blame. Men were most likely to be affected, with increases in herpes, syphilis, gonorrhoea and genital warts. “
Sexually transmitted disease, urinary tract infections may be bad combination for birth defect “Women who reported having both a sexually transmitted disease (STD) and urinary tract infection (UTI) just before or during early pregnancy were four times more likely to have babies with gastroschisis—a severe birth defect in which infants are born with their intestines and other internal organs outside the abdomen, University of Utah researchers report in the online British Medical Journal.”
STD Education With Videos “Playing a simple video on the prevention of HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) while people are waiting to be seen in an STD clinic can reduce the prevalence of these conditions.”
STD rates on the rise: report “Twenty years since the Grim Reaper campaign, the latest national health snapshot shows more Australians are catching sexually transmitted diseases than a decade ago. Four times as many cases of chlamydia were recorded last year than in the late '90s. And despite the risk of disease, less than half of all men and women are using condoms when they have casual sex. Public health researchers say it could be because HIV is no longer the death sentence it once was, and people increasingly see it and other STDs as treatable conditions.”
STDs common among arrested teenagers “Overall, 10.5 percent of males tested positive for chlamydia or gonorrhea, as did 19 percent of females. The investigators identified three other statistically significant risk factors for having an STD. These included being female, being black; being sent to a detection center; and having more than three lifetime sex partners, which increased the risk by 4.67-fold, 3.62-fold, 2.32-fold and 2.06-fold, respectively. Both gonorrhea and chlamydia often have no obvious symptoms, which means that screening can catch many cases that would otherwise go undetected, the researchers point out. "The asymptomatic nature of most bacterial STDs," they write, "increases the urgency to expand routine STD testing, and prevention programs, at all stages of the juvenile justice system, but especially right after arrest and as youths enter detention." “
Study: 1 In 4 U.S. Teen Girls Has STD “At least one in four teenage girls nationwide has a sexually transmitted disease, or more than 3 million teens, according to the first study of its kind in this age group. A virus that causes cervical cancer is by far the most common sexually transmitted infection in teen girls aged 14 to 19, while the highest overall prevalence is among black girls - nearly half the blacks studied had at least one STD. That rate compared with 20 percent among both whites and Mexican-American teens, the study from the federal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention found. About half of the girls acknowledged ever having sex; among them, the rate was 40 percent. While some teens define sex as only intercourse, other types of intimate behavior including oral sex can spread some infections.”
U.S. Study Says H.I.V. Infection Is 40% Higher Than Estimated “The findings confirm that H.I.V., the virus that causes AIDS, has its greatest effect among gay and bisexual men of all races (53 percent of all new infections) and among African-American men and women. … One-fourth of infected people do not know they are infected because they have not been tested for evidence of the virus. The C.D.C. has introduced new prevention efforts including expanding H.I.V. prevention education to people living with H.I.V., increasing testing and expanding the use of condoms and other proven interventions in programs for high risk populations.”
USPSTF Reviews Screening for Sexually Transmitted Infections “In addition to chlamydia and genital herpes, other common STIs include gonorrhea, hepatitis B and C, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), human papillomavirus (HPV), and syphilis. The guidelines recommend that clinicians cluster STI screening at the time of a periodic health examination. The USPSTF recommendations target 3 populations: nonpregnant women, pregnant women, and men. The authors of the guidelines recommend that clinicians consider both behavioral and demographic risk factors pertinent to each of these groups. Routine screening for STIs is not recommended for nonpregnant women and men not at increased risk. For women at increased risk for infection, the USPSTF recommends screening for chlamydia, gonorrhea, HIV, and syphilis, whereas men at increased risk should be screened for HIV and syphilis. Although hepatitis B, HIV, and syphilis screening are recommended for all pregnant women, those at increased risk should also be screened for chlamydia and gonorrhea.“
U.S. Syphilis Rate Grows for 7th Year in Row
Wart virus linked to 25,000 cancers in 5 years “HPV includes about 100 different viruses, and they are the leading cause of cervical cancer. The viruses, transmitted sexually and by skin-to-skin contact, can also cause anal and penile cancers, as well as cancers of the mouth and throat.”
ARTICLES:
Addressing Questions about Gardasil
Adolescent girls most at risk of getting an STD
Protective Effect of Circumcision on Rates of STIs?
STD symptoms: 7 STDs and common symptoms
JOURNAL ARTICLES:
A Systematic Review of the Prevalence and Attribution of Human Papillomavirus Types among Cervical, Vaginal, and Vulvar Precancers and Cancers in the United States. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2008)
Anaphylaxis following quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccination (CMAJ 2008) “Interpretation: Based on the number of confirmed cases, the estimated rate of anaphylaxis following quadrivalent HPV vaccine was significantly higher than identified in comparable school-based delivery of other vaccines. However, overall rates were very low and managed appropriately with no serious sequelae.”
Behavioral Counseling to Prevent Sexually Transmitted Infections: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement (Annals 2008)
Chlamydia in the Pacific Region, the Silent Epidemic. (Sex Transm Dis. 2008) “RESULTS:: Amongst the 1618 pregnant women studied, the most prevalent STI was chlamydia with 26.1% of women under 25 and 11.9% of women aged 25 years and over being positive. Highest infection was detected in single teenage women with 38.1% positive for chlamydia. The overall prevalence of gonorrhoea and syphilis was 1.7% and 3.4%, respectively. No case of HIV was detected. Chlamydia infection was independently associated with younger age, being nulliparous, single status, multiple lifetime sexual partners, and commercial sex activity.”
Chlamydia Prevalence Among College Students: Reproductive and Public Health Implications. (Sex Transm Dis. 2008)
Chlamydia trachomatis infection in women with secondary infertility. (Fertil Steril. 2008) “CONCLUSION(S): Prevalence of past chlamydial infection is strongly statistically significant in women with secondary infertility. Current infection was also found statistically significantly in these women. Immunoglobulin G antibody detection is an effective and noninvasive tool for detection of Chlamydia and a more viable option than HSG in a developing country such as India. Screening of women with secondary infertility for C. trachomatis is strongly recommended to allow early therapeutic interventions.”
Circumcision and Human Papillomavirus Infection in Men: A Site-Specific Comparison (The Journal of Infectious Diseases 2008)
Circumcision and risk of sexually transmitted infections in a birth cohort. (J Pediatr. 2008)
Clients of Female Sex Workers in Gonaives and St-Marc, Haiti Characteristics, Sexually Transmitted Infection Prevalence and Risk Factors. (Sex Transm Dis. 2008)
Depression associated with sexually transmitted infection (STI) in Canada. (Sex Transm Infect. 2008)
Distribution of Six Oncogenic Types of Human Papillomavirus and Type 16 Integration Analysis in Chinese Women with Cervical Precancerous Lesions and Carcinomas. (Tumour Biol. 2008) “Conclusions: Our results demonstrated that high-risk HPV infection and viral DNA integration were in progressive frequency from low-grade cervical precancerous lesions to cancer. HPV16 integration status had the potential to be a marker for cancer risk assessment of cervical precancerous lesions.”
Early syphilis: a cause of mono-arthritis of the knee. (Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 2008)
Emergence and spread of azithromycin-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Scotland. (J Antimicrob Chemother. 2008)
Emerging Antimicrobial Resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae: Urgent Need to Strengthen Prevention Strategies (Annals 2008)
Epidemiology of genital chlamydia trachomatis infection among young women in Costa Rica. (Sex Transm Dis. 2008)
Estimates of Chlamydia trachomatis Infections Among Men: United States. (Sex Transm Dis. 2008)
Estimation of the incidence of genital warts and the cost of illness in Germany: a cross-sectional study (BMC Infectious Diseases 2008)
[Flat penile lesions in the sexual transmission of Human papillomavirus] (Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd. 2008)
Genital herpes. (Lancet. 2008) “Most genital HSV-2 infections are unrecognised and undiagnosed; infected individuals, even with mild symptoms, shed HSV, and can infect sexual partners. Since clinical diagnosis is neither sensitive nor specific, virological and type-specific serological tests should be used routinely. Oral antiviral drugs for HSV infections are safe and effective and can be used both to treat episodes and to prevent recurrences. Antiviral treatment of the infected partners and condom use reduce the risk of sexual transmission of HSV-2.”
Genital piercing in association with gonorrhoea, chlamydia and warts. (Int J STD AIDS. 2008)
Genital Warts Among 18- to 59-Year-Olds in the United States, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999-2004. (Sex Transm Dis. 2008)
Global epidemiology of sexually transmitted diseases. (Asian J Androl. 2008)
Gonococcemia “Gonococcemia is defined as the presence of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in the bloodstream, which can lead to the development of disseminated gonococcal infection (DGI). Gonorrhea is the second most often reported sexually transmitted disease (STD) in the United States behind chlamydia. About 600,000 people each year in the United States are infected, with only about half being reported.1 Gonococcemia occurs in about 0.5-3% of patients with gonorrhea. The clinical manifestations of this process are biphasic, with an early bacteremic phase consisting of tenosynovitis, arthralgias,2 and dermatitis, followed by a localized phase consisting of localized septic arthritis. Other potentially severe clinical complications include osteomyelitis, meningitis, endocarditis, adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS),3, 4 and fatal septic shock.5 Polymyositis is also a rare complication of gonococcemia. Patients who are pregnant or menstruating may be particularly prone to gonococcemia. Other populations that are at risk of infection include women and those with complement deficiencies, HIV, or systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). DGI is an important, potentially life-threatening, and easily treatable clinical entity that remains the most common cause of acute septic arthritis in young sexually active adults.“
HPV prevalence among healthy Italian male sexual partners of women with cervical HPV infection. (J Med Virol. 2008)
Human papillomavirus and vaccination. (Mayo Clin Proc. 2008)
Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Type Distribution in Korean Women: A Meta-Analysis. (J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2008)
Infection with Human Papillomavirus and HIV among Young Women in Kampala, Uganda. (J Infect Dis. 2008) “The prevalence of HPV infection was 74.6%, and the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus infection was 8.6%. High-risk HPV types were found in 51.4% of women, and the most frequently detected high-risk types were, in decreasing order, HPV 52, 51, 18, and 16. A total of 71.8% of the women who were positive for HPV 16 and/or 18 were also infected with other high-risk HPV types. HIV-positive women had a higher prevalence of HPV infection (87.8% vs 73.2%) and of multiple-type infections (64.6% vs 37.3%), compared with HIV-negative women. Employment in the tertiary sector, lifetime number of sexual partners, concurrent pregnancy, and the presence of genital warts were significantly associated with HPV positivity.”
Infectious Syphilis: The Return of an Epidemic (Medscape Infectious Diseases. 2008)
Influence of Sexual Activity on Cytomegalovirus Seroprevalence in the United States, 1988-1994. (Sex Transm Dis. 2008) “CONCLUSIONS:: Sexual activity measurably influences CMV seroprevalence among women of childbearing age, indicating that congenital CMV prevention messages should include strategies to reduce sexual transmission of CMV among pregnant women.”
Persistence and clearance of human papillomavirus infection: a prospective cohort study. (Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2008)
Prevalence and Incidence of Sexually Transmitted Infections among South Indians at Increased Risk of HIV Infection. (AIDS Patient Care STDS. 2008)
Prevalence and risk factors for Chlamydia trachomatis infection in young women in North-West of Italy. (Minerva Ginecol. 2008)
Prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis among women attending gynecology and infertility clinics in Gaza, Palestine. (Int J Infect Dis. 2008)
Prevalence of genital human papilloma virus infection and genotypes among young women in Sicily, South Italy. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2008) “The most frequent types were HPV-16 (4.5%), HPV-53 (2.7%), and HPV-84 (2.6%). The prevalence of vaccine types HPV-6, HPV-11, and HPV-18 was 1.4%, 0.1%, and 1.3%, respectively. Cytologic abnormalities were uncommon (3.1%) and associated with HPV detection (P < 0.0001). The only risk factor for HPV infection was the number of sexual partners (women with 2-3 partners versus women with 1 partner: odds ratio, 3.86; 95% confidence interval, 2.45-6.09). Genital HPV infection is relatively high in young Italian women. The high prevalence of viral types other than vaccine types should be taken into account to ensure accurate postvaccine surveillance and early detection of a possible genotype replacement.”
Prevalence of Syphilis Seroreactivity in the United States: Data From the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) 2001-2004. (Sex Transm Dis. 2008)
Prevalence, Acquisition, and Clearance of Cervical Human Papillomavirus Infection among Women with Normal Cytology: Hawaii Human Papillomavirus Cohort Study (Cancer Research 2008)
Preventing recurrent sexually transmitted diseases in minority adolescents: a randomized controlled trial. (Obstet Gynecol. 2008)
Prevention and Treatment of Sexually Transmitted Diseases: An Update (Am Fam Physician 2007)
Rate and Predictors of Repeat Chlamydia trachomatis Infection Among Men. (Sex Transm Dis. 2008)
Reexamining Syphilis: An Update on Epidemiology, Clinical Manifestations, and Management (Ann Pharmacother. 2008)
Reproductive Tract Complications Associated With Chlamydia trachomatis Infection in US Air Force Males Within 4 Years of Testing. (Sex Transm Dis. 2008)
Sexual Risk Factors and Bacterial Vaginosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (Clinical Infectious Diseases 2008)
Sexually Transmitted Infections and Risk Factors for Gonorrhea and Chlamydia in Female Sex Workers in Soc Trang, Vietnam. (Sex Transm Dis. 2008)
Sexually transmissible infections and prostate cancer risk. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2008)
Smoking and human papillomavirus infection: pooled analysis of the International Agency for Research on Cancer HPV Prevalence Surveys. (Int J Epidemiol. 2008)
Sun Exposure and the Incidence of Melanocytic Nevi in Young Australian Children (Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention 2008)
Symptomatic seizures in neurosyphilis: An experience from a University Hospital in south India. (Seizure. 2008)
The human papillomavirus infection in men study: human papillomavirus prevalence and type distribution among men residing in Brazil, Mexico, and the United States. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2008)
The role of Chlamydia trachomatis infection in male infertility. (Fertil Steril. 2008)
Transmission of Human Papillomavirus in Heterosexual Couples (Emerg Infect Dis. 2008)
Trends in HIV- and STD-Related Risk Behaviors Among High School Students --- United States, 1991—2007 (MMWR 2008)
Viral Sexually Transmitted Infections and Bacterial Vaginosis: 2001-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Data. (Sex Transm Dis. 2008) “CONCLUSION:: This population-based study found that BV was significantly associated with the prevalence of HSV-1 and HSV-2 and potentially associated with HIV and HPV. Given the frequency of BV in US women, small increases in STI susceptibility may have important impacts on STI transmission.”
Go to the top