Cancer - General
- Diagnosis, Imaging, Screening
- General Information
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- Internet Sites
- Risk Factors
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General Cancer
Cancer Prevention Overview (PDQ®)
"The summaries in the cancer prevention section of PDQ address the prevention of specific types of cancer. Prevention is defined as the reduction of cancer mortality via reduction in the incidence of cancer. This can be accomplished by avoiding a carcinogen or altering its metabolism; pursuing lifestyle or dietary practices that modify cancer-causing factors or genetic predispositions; and/or medical intervention (chemoprevention) to successfully reverse preneoplastic changes. Much of the promise for cancer prevention comes from observational epidemiologic studies that show associations between modifiable lifestyle factors or environmental exposures and specific cancers. … The most consistent finding, over decades of research is the strong association between tobacco use and cancers of many sites. Hundreds of epidemiologic studies have confirmed this association. Further support comes from the fact that lung cancer death rates in the United States have mirrored smoking patterns with increases in smoking followed by dramatic increases in lung cancer death rates, and more recently decreases in smoking followed by decreases in lung cancer death rates in men. Infections may also be associated with cancer development. Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a necessary event for subsequent cervix cancer, and vaccine-conferred immunity results in a marked decrease in precancerous lesions. … Additional examples of modifiable cancer risk factors include alcohol consumption (associated with increased risk of oral, esophageal, breast, and other cancers), physical inactivity (associated with increased risk of colon, breast, and possibly other cancers), and obesity (associated with colon, breast, endometrial, and possibly other cancers). Observational evidence shows associations between alcohol consumption, physical inactivity, and obesity and increased incidence of certain cancers."
Highlighted Articles
Vitamin D and Sunlight: Strategies for Cancer Prevention and Other Health Benefits. (Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2008) “Lack of sun exposure and vitamin D deficiency have been linked to many serious chronic diseases, including autoimmune diseases, infectious diseases, cardiovascular disease, and deadly cancers. It is estimated that there is a 30 to 50% reduction in risk for developing colorectal, breast, and prostate cancer by either increasing vitamin D intake to least 1000 IU/d vitamin D or increasing sun exposure to raise blood levels of 25(OH)D >30 ng/ml. Most tissues in the body have a vitamin D receptor. The active form of vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, is made in many different tissues, including colon, prostate, and breast. It is believed that the local production of 1,25(OH)2D may be responsible for the anticancer benefit of vitamin D. Recent studies suggested that women who are vitamin D deficient have a 253% increased risk for developing colorectal cancer, and women who ingested 1500 mg/d calcium and 1100 IU/d vitamin D3 for 4 yr reduced risk for developing cancer by >60%.”
Vitamin D and prevention of breast cancer: Pooled analysis. (J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2007) "CONCLUSIONS: Intake of 2000IU/day of Vitamin D(3), and, when possible, very moderate exposure to sunlight, could raise serum 25(OH)D to 52ng/ml, a level associated with reduction by 50% in incidence of breast cancer, according to observational studies."
Sun Exposure and Prostate Cancer Risk: Evidence for a Protective Effect of Early-Life Exposure (Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention 2007) "These findings suggest that, in addition to sun exposure in adulthood, sun exposure in early life protects against prostate cancer."
Highlighted Internet Site
NCI - General Cancer Prevention Information (includes specific cancers)
CONTINUE YOUR INFOMEDSEARCH RESEARCH with our previous InfoMedLinks. Start with InfoMedLinks 2008.
Notes
View Treatment Guidelines from previous years. Go to Treatment for each year.
Cancer - General
Daily Treatment Report
Cognitive Therapy-CBT-Psychotherapy
Device Therapy
Drug Side-Effects and Interactions
Morphine May Help Tumors Spread in Cancer Patients
Brain damage from anticancer treatments in adults (Current Opinion in Oncology 2009)
Grapefruit Juice Boosts Drug's Anti-cancer Effects, Study Suggests “For two decades, pharmacists have pasted "Do-not-take-with-grapefruit-juice" stickers on various pill bottles because it can interfere with the enzymes that break down and eliminate certain drugs. This interference makes the drugs more potent. In data presented at the AACR 100th Annual Meeting 2009, the Chicago researchers examine ways to exploit this fruit's medication-altering properties. "Grapefruit juice can increase blood levels of certain drugs three to five times," said study director Ezra Cohen, MD, a cancer specialist at the University of Chicago Medical Center. "This has always been considered a hazard. We wanted to see if, and how much, it could amplify the availability, and perhaps the efficacy of rapamycin, a drug with promise for cancer treatment." “
Therapy-induced toxicity of the lungs: an overview. (Anticancer Res. 2009)
Cardiovascular toxicity caused by cancer treatment: strategies for early detection (The Lancet Oncology 2009)
Green Tea Blocks Benefits Of Cancer Drug
Drugs
Exercise
Exercise is good medicine for lymphoma patients “A healthy dose of exercise is good medicine, even for lymphoma patients receiving chemotherapy, University of Alberta researchers have found.”
Exercise Benefits Leukemia Patients
Effects of exercise on quality of life and prognosis in cancer survivors. (Curr Sports Med Rep. 2009)
AACR 2009: Oncologists Should Recommend Exercise, But Not Supplements “Oncologists should recommend exercise to cancer patients; there is accumulating evidence to show that it can improve both prognosis and quality of life, according to Melinda Irwin, PhD, MPH, associate professor of epidemiology and public health at the Yale School of Medicine, in New Haven, Connecticut. However, the evidence for supplements, such as vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants, is insufficient to make any science-based recommendations on their use in cancer patients, according to Cornelia Ulrich, MS, PhD, from the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, University of Washington, in Seattle.“
General Information
Mass General Hospital to Genetically Test All Cancer Patients within One Year
Experimental Drug Leads to Life Changing News for Cancer Patients (Video)
Personalized Cancer Care (Video)
The Fog That Follows Chemotherapy “As more people with cancer survive and try to return to their former lives, a side effect of chemotherapy is getting more and more attention. Its name is apt, if unappealing: chemo brain. Nearly every chemotherapy patient experiences short-term problems with memory and concentration. But about 15 percent suffer prolonged effects of what is known medically as chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment. The symptoms are remarkably consistent: a mental fogginess that may include problems with memory, word retrieval, concentration, processing numbers, following instructions, multitasking and setting priorities. “
Personalized medicine helps cancer patients survive “Cancer patients can survive longer under treatments based on their individual genetic profiles, according to a nationwide study released jointly today by Phoenix-area healthcare organizations. The study shows that molecular profiling of patients can identify specific treatments for individuals, helping keep their cancer in check for significantly longer periods, and in some cases even shrinking tumors.”
Panel likes blood thinner - for some patients
Guidelines
Immunotherapy
Internet Sites
Treatment Information
NCI - Dictionary of Cancer Terms
NCI - Overview of Nutrition in Cancer Care
Drug-Food-Supplement Information
DrugDigest (drug interactions)
FDA - Drug Interactions: What You Should Know
NIH - Botanical Dietary Supplements: Background Information
NIH - Drug, Supplements, and Herbal Information
NIH - Herbal Supplements: Consider Safety, Too
NIH - Vitamin and Mineral Supplement Fact Sheets
Nutrition
Other
Radiation-Chemotherapy
Other Treatments
Experimental
Radiotherapy
Radiation-Induced Hypopituitarism After Cancer Therapy: Who, How and When to Test (Nat Clin Pract Endocrinol Metab. 2009)
Supplements-Vitamins-CAM
Alternative cancer treatments: 11 alternative treatments to consider
Beta-carotene supplementation and cancer risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. (Int J Cancer. 2009)
60% of cancer patients try nontraditional medicines, supplements
Cancer Prevention and Treatment with Resveratrol: From Rodent Studies to Clinical Trials (Cancer Prevention Research 2009)
Omega-3 Fatty Acids May Benefit Cancer Patients Undergoing Major Operations “A randomised controlled trial showed omega-3 fatty acids given as part of an oral nutritional supplement resulted in the preservation of muscle mass in patients undergoing surgery for oesopahageal cancer, a procedure normally associated with significant weight loss and quality of life issues.”
Guidelines Needed for Optimal Vitamin D Supplementation in Cancer Patients “A growing amount of research suggests that vitamin D may be beneficial to cancer patients. In addition, laboratory, ecologic, and epidemiologic studies have shown some evidence that higher levels of vitamin D might lower the risk for colon, breast, endometrial, and prostate cancers.”
Omega-3 Kills Cancer Cells “Docosahexanoic acid (DHA), an omega-3 fatty acid found in fish oils, has been shown to reduce the size of tumours and enhance the positive effects of the chemotherapy drug cisplatin, while limiting its harmful side effects. The rat experiments provide some support for the plethora of health benefits often ascribed to omega-3 acids.”
Surgery
Transplantation
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