Overweight - Obesity
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Overweight - Obesity
NIH - Medical Encyclopedia Obesity
"Obesity is also defined as a BMI (body mass index) over 30 kg/m2. Patients with a BMI between 25 and 29.9 are considered overweight, but not obese. … Obesity increases a person's risk of illness and death due to diabetes, stroke, coronary artery disease, hypertension, high cholesterol, and kidney and gallbladder disorders. Obesity may increase the risk for some types of cancer. It is also a risk factor for the development of osteoarthritis and sleep apnea. Genetic factors play some part in the development of obesity -- children of obese parents are 10 times more likely to be obese than children with parents of normal weight."
Highlighted Article[Lifestyle intervention in the treatment of severe obesity.] (Ugeskr Laeger. 2006)
"CONCLUSION: After 15 weeks of intensive lifestyle intervention, there were significant improvements in aerobic fitness and metabolic risk parameters, and the observed weight loss was equivalent to that obtained by surgical treatment. Decisive in the choice of obesity treatment will continue to be the extent of success in permanent weight loss."
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Overweight - Obesity
Overweight - Obesity Risks
NEWS:
Adiposity in Midlife May Reduce Healthy Survival in Women Who Live to Older Ages “"It is important to maintain a healthy weight from early adulthood to enjoy a healthy life in older ages," the study authors conclude.”
As Waistlines Widen, Brains Shrink “For every excess pound piled on the body, the brain gets a little bit smaller. That's the message from new research that found that elderly individuals who were obese or overweight had significantly less brain tissue than individuals of normal weight. "The brains of obese people looked 16 years older than their healthy counterparts while [those of] overweight people looked 8 years older," said UCLA neuroscientist Paul Thompson, senior author of a study published online in Human Brain Mapping. Much of the lost tissue was in the frontal and temporal lobe regions of the brain, the seat of decision-making and memory, among other things. The findings could have serious implications for aging, overweight or obese individuals, including a heightened risk of Alzheimer's, the researchers said.”
Being fat 'is as bad as smoking' “Being overweight or seriously underweight as a teenager curbs life expectancy as much as smoking 10 cigarettes a day, a study suggests. Swedish researchers followed 46,000 men from the age of 18 for 38 years. Being obese or smoking more than 10 a day doubled the premature death risk, the British Medical Journal reported. Being overweight, seriously underweight or smoking 10 or less raised it by 30% - and interestingly the fat non-smoker ran the same risk as the fat smoker. “
Belly fat tied to liver cancer recurrence “Meanwhile, the team concludes, "it remains to be seen" whether reducing levels of visceral fat decreases the odds of liver cancer returning.”
Body Mass Index Above Ideal Range Linked to Large Increase in Mortality Rate “"In adult life, it may be easier to avoid substantial weight gain than to lose that weight once it has been gained," the study authors conclude. "By avoiding a further increase from 28 kg/m˛ to 32 kg/m˛, a typical person in early middle age would gain about 2 years of life expectancy. Alternatively, by avoiding an increase from 24 kg/m˛ to 32 kg/m˛ (ie, to a third above the apparent optimum), a young adult would on average gain about 3 extra years of life." “
Body-Mass Index and Waist Circumference Equally Predictive for CV Events, Mortality
Colorectal Cancer Rates Up; Blame Obesity “Increasing Westernization is the likely culprit in dramatically increasing incidence rates of colorectal cancer around the world, a new study says. The trend is related to increased consumption of fatty foods in developing countries, and less physical activity -- resulting in obesity, the American Cancer Society’s Ahmedin Jemal, PhD, tells WebMD. Jemal, an epidemiologist and co-author of the study, says more “people are eating the wrong foods and driving to work instead of walking, just not getting enough physical movement generally.” The study found that colorectal cancer incidence rates for both men and women increased in 27 of 51 international cancer registries between 1983 and 2002. “People are eating the wrong foods,” Jemal tells WebMD. “Too much food is being consumed that is high in carbs and fats.” The rise was seen mostly in economically transitioning countries, including those of Eastern Europe, most parts of Asia and some nations in South America.”
Extreme obesity can shorten people's lives by 12 years
Heavy? You may live three to 10 years less
High Waist-To-Hip Ratio in Midlife Linked to Later Dementia “"These data emphasize the importance of maintaining a healthy body weight throughout life, and that the prevention of Alzheimer's disease is a life-long process," lead author Dr. Deborah R. Gustafson, of the University of Gothenburg, Sweden, told Reuters Health.”
Moderate Obesity Takes Years Off Life Expectancy “The Oxford University research found that moderate obesity, which is now common, reduces life expectancy by about 3 years, and that severe obesity, which is still uncommon, can shorten a person’s life by 10 years. This 10 year loss is equal to the effects of lifelong smoking. “
Mom’s Obesity Linked to Asthma in Kids “How would having a mother who was obese during pregnancy influence asthma risk in youngsters? The researchers explain excess fat produces pro-inflammatory cytokines and suppresses anti-inflammatory cytokines. Cytokines are known to play a role in asthma. “Therefore, when you have an obese person, you are not just looking at a problem of excess fat, but a problem of systemic inflammation,” study author Jet Smit, Ph.D., was quoted as saying. “This may affect the immunological and pulmonary development in the fetus and possibly result in a higher risk of asthma symptoms after birth.” “
Obese young men likely to die prematurely: study “People who were obese at the age of 18 are twice as likely to die prematurely compared to those who were normal-weight teenagers, Swedish researchers said on Wednesday. They also found that men who had been overweight at 18 were one-third more likely to die prematurely compared to their normal-weight peers.”
Obesity Associated With Higher Risk For Urinary Tract Infections “ "Patients with elevated body mass index should be vigilant about urologic health because even the most simple of urinary tract infections can be deadly if left untreated." “
Obesity Contributes To Rapid Cartilage Loss “The results showed that the top risk factors contributing to rapid cartilage loss were baseline cartilage damage, high BMI, tears or other injury to the meniscus (the cartilage cushion at the knee joint) and severe lesions seen on MRI at the initial exam. Other predictors were synovitis (inflammation of the membrane that lines the joints) and effusion (abnormal build-up of joint fluid). Excess weight was significantly associated with an increased risk of rapid cartilage loss. For a one-unit increase in BMI, the odds of rapid cartilage loss increased by 11 percent. No other demographic factors—including age, sex and ethnicity—were associated with rapid cartilage loss. "As obesity is one of the few established risk factors for osteoarthritis, it is not surprising that obesity may also precede and predict rapid cartilage loss," Dr. Roemer said. "Weight loss is probably the most important factor to slow disease progression." “
Obesity Linked to 124,000 New Cancers in Europe
Packing on Pounds Impacts the Gums “Results showed a waist circumference of more than 40 inches upped the risk for gum disease by 19 percent. Waist circumference and obesity remained significant risk factors even after the investigators accounted for diabetes and smoking. The authors say this is the first evidence linking obesity with periodontal disease.“
Weight Gain Early In Life Can Lead To Physical Disabilities In Older Adults “"In both men and women, being overweight or obese put them at greater risk of developing mobility limitations in old age, and the longer they had been overweight or obese, the greater the risk," said lead investigator Denise Houston, Ph.D., R.D., an assistant professor of gerontology at the School of Medicine and an expert on aging and nutrition. "We also found that, if you were of normal weight in old age but had previously been overweight or obese, you were at greater risk for mobility limitations."”
ARTICLES:
JOURNAL ARTICLES:
Body mass index and waist circumference predict both 10-year nonfatal and fatal cardiovascular disease risk: study conducted in 20 000 Dutch men and women aged 20-65 years. (Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil. 2009) “CONCLUSION: The associations of BMI and WC with CVD risk were equally strong. Overweight and obesity had a stronger impact on fatal CVD than on nonfatal CVD.”
Brain structure and obesity. (Hum Brain Mapp. 2009) “In an Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) model controlling for age, gender, and race, obese subjects with a high BMI (BMI > 30) showed atrophy in the frontal lobes, anterior cingulate gyrus, hippocampus, and thalamus compared with individuals with a normal BMI (18.5-25). Overweight subjects (BMI: 25-30) had atrophy in the basal ganglia and corona radiata of the WM. Overall brain volume did not differ between overweight and obese persons. Higher BMI was associated with lower brain volumes in overweight and obese elderly subjects. Obesity is therefore associated with detectable brain volume deficits in cognitively normal elderly subjects.”
Does abdominal obesity have a similar impact on cardiovascular disease and diabetes? A study of 91 246 ambulant patients in 27 European Countries (European Heart Journal 2009) “Conclusion: Abdominal obesity impacted similarly on the frequency of diabetes across Europe, despite regional differences in cardiovascular risk factors and CVD rates. Increasing abdominal obesity may offset future declines in CVD, even where CVD rates are lower.”
Extreme BMI predicts higher asthma prevalence and is associated with lung function impairment in school-aged children. (Pediatr Pulmonol. 2009)
Gain in Adiposity Across 15 Years is Associated With Reduced Gray Matter Volume in Healthy Women. (Psychosom Med. 2009) “Conclusions: An increase in BMI during the menopausal transition and beyond is associated with reduced GMV among otherwise healthy women.”
Impact of Body Mass Index and the Metabolic Syndrome on the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease and Death in Middle-Aged Men. (Circulation. 2009) “Conclusions-Middle-aged men with MetS had increased risk for cardiovascular events and total death regardless of BMI status during more than 30 years of follow-up. In contrast to previous reports, overweight and obese individuals without MetS also had an increased risk. The present data refute the notion that overweight and obesity without MetS are benign conditions.”
Modestly Overweight Women Have Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction. (Clin Cardiol. 2009)
Overweight in midlife and risk of dementia: a 40-year follow-up study (International Journal of Obesity 2009) “Conclusions: This study gives further support to the notion that overweight in midlife increases later risk of dementia. The risk is increased for both Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia, and follows the same pattern for men and women.”
The Aging Process of the Heart: Obesity Is the Main Risk Factor for Left Atrial Enlargement During Aging (J Am Coll Cardiol, 2009)
Urinary incontinence and waist circumference in older women. (Age Ageing. 2009)
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