Diabetes Mellitus Type II
- Diagnosis, Imaging, Screening
- General Information
- Guidelines
- Internet Sites
- Risk Factors
- Risk Reduction
- Treatment
Treatment is updated with the most recent articles listed on top.
To view only the last month's articles for the other sub-topics, go to our Monthly Online Newsletters page
REVIEW our Selected Diabetes Articles in 2009. Stay informed and updated!
Online Alerts
Save Time. Stay updated weekly/monthly.
Stay updated Weekly by viewing our Free InfoMedSearch Weekly Featured Articles section. Sign up for our Monthly Alerts Newsletter and have access to our Weekly Featured Articles also (link available in each Alert notification).
If you have any questions regarding our Search Reports, please contact us at info@infomedsearch.com.
Diabetes
NIH - Diabetes (Medical Encyclopedia) Type 2 diabetes is far more common than type 1 and makes up 90% or more of all cases of diabetes. It usually occurs in adulthood. Here, the pancreas does not make enough insulin to keep blood glucose levels normal, often because the body does not respond well to the insulin. Many people with type 2 diabetes do not know they have it, although it is a serious condition. Type 2 diabetes is becoming more common due to the growing number of older Americans, increasing obesity, and failure to exercise. … Unlike type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes may respond to treatment with exercise, diet, and/or oral medications. … Some people with type 2 diabetes find they no longer need medication if they lose weight and increase activity, because when their ideal weight is reached, their own insulin and a careful diet can control their blood glucose levels."
NHS - Diabetes: the facts “Symptoms of diabetes The symptoms of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes include: • Increased thirst, and drinking a lot of fluids. • Passing a lot of urine. • Being tired for no reason. • Weight loss. • Genital itching or repeated bouts of thrush. • Slow healing of wounds. • Blurred vision. In type 1 diabetes, symptoms will typically develop over a few weeks and quickly become very obvious. In type 2, symptoms can develop more slowly, over a period of months. Some people with type 2 diabetes have only very mild symptoms, which they believe have other causes. A few people may have no symptoms at all. … Types of diabetes There are two main types of diabetes. • Type 1: in this type, the body can't produce any insulin. This type of diabetes usually occurs before age 40, and accounts for only around 10% of all cases. But it is the most common form of childhood diabetes. • Type 2: this is where the body doesn't make enough insulin, or where the body builds up a resistance to insulin so that it doesn't work effectively. It's the most common form of diabetes (90% of all cases), and is frequently linked with being overweight. One in 10 people in the UK will eventually develop type 2 diabetes.”
Highlighted Articles
Diabetes Seems to Heighten Glaucoma Risk: Regular screenings may help prevent irreversible nerve damage (2008) "A recent study in the journal Ophthalmology found that women with diabetes have about a 70 percent increased risk of developing the most common form of glaucoma -- primary open-angle glaucoma -- compared to women without diabetes."
Researchers report periodontal disease independently predicts new onset diabetes (2008) “These data add a new twist to the association and suggest that periodontal disease may be there before diabetes," said Ryan T. Demmer, PhD, MPH, associate research scientist in the Department of Epidemiology at the Mailman School of Public Health and lead author. "We found that over two decades of follow-up, individuals who had periodontal disease were more likely to develop Type 2 diabetes later in life when compared to individuals without periodontal disease." “
Intake of Fruit, Vegetables, and Fruit Juices and Risk of Diabetes in Women (Diabetes Care 2008) “CONCLUSIONS—Consumption of green leafy vegetables and fruit was associated with a lower hazard of diabetes, whereas consumption of fruit juices may be associated with an increased hazard among women.”
Diabetic Neuropathy--A Review (Nat Clin Pract Neurol. 2007) "Diabetic neuropathy is the most common neuropathy in industrialized countries, and it is associated with a wide range of clinical manifestations. The vast majority of patients with clinical diabetic neuropathy have a distal symmetrical form of the disorder that progresses following a fiber-length-dependent pattern, with sensory and autonomic manifestations predominating. This pattern of neuropathy is associated with a progressive distal axonopathy. Patients experience pain, trophic changes in the feet, and autonomic disturbances. Occasionally, patients with diabetes can develop focal and multifocal neuropathies that include cranial nerve involvement and limb and truncal neuropathies."
Adiposity Compared With Physical Inactivity and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Women (Diabetes Care 2007) "CONCLUSIONS—Obesity and physical inactivity independently contribute to the development of type 2 diabetes; however, the magnitude of risk contributed by obesity is much greater than that imparted by lack of physical activity."
Walking for exercise--does three times per week influence risk factors in type 2 diabetes? (Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2006) "Our results suggest that an increase of regular physical activity equivalent to 45 min of walking 3 days/week may suffice to improve systolic and diastolic blood pressure, lipid metabolism and BMI in patients with type 2 diabetes."
Internet SitesCONTINUE YOUR INFOMEDSEARCH RESEARCH with our previous InfoMedLinks. Start with InfoMedLinks 2009.
Notes
The 2007 Treatment Guidelines section will contain the 2007 published guidelines. To view Guidelines from previous years, view year 2006 Treatment Guidelines and 2005 InfoMedlinks (Articles section) or our Monthly Online Newsletter (under the Guidelines section).
Diabetes Mellitus Type 2
Daily Treatment Report
Cognitive Therapy-CBT-Psychotherapy
Device Therapy
Drug Side-Effects and Interactions
Despite FDA Warning, Avandia Use Varies Across U.S. “Using the controversial diabetes drug Avandia as an example, new research finds that doctors' prescribing patterns vary across the country in response to warnings about medications from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. The result is that patients may be exposed to different levels of risk depending on where they live, the researchers said.”
New Study: Avandia Riskier Than Actos “Older patients who take Avandia have a higher risk of death, heart failure, and stroke than patients taking Actos, a similar diabetes drug, a new study finds. It's far from the first study to address Avandia safety, but it's by far the largest to date, says FDA researcher and study leader David J. Graham, MD, MPH.”
Senate report links diabetes drug Avandia to heart attacks “The diabetes drug Avandia is linked with tens of thousands of heart attacks, and drugmaker GlaxoSmithKline knew of the risks for years but worked to keep them from the public, according to a Senate committee report released Saturday. … The Senate committee investigation stems from concerns that Avandia and other high-profile drugs put "public safety at risk because the FDA has been too cozy with drug makers and has been regularly outmaneuvered by companies that have a financial interest in downplaying or under-exploring potential safety risks," the report states.”
New Senate Report Puts Avandia Safety in Spotlight Again
Diabetes Drugs Avandia, Actos Tied to Fractures in Women
U.S.: Controversial diabetes drug harms heart “The reports, obtained by The New York Times, say that if every diabetic now taking Avandia were instead given a similar pill named Actos, about 500 heart attacks and 300 cases of heart failure would be averted every month because Avandia can hurt the heart. Avandia, intended to treat Type 2 diabetes, is known as rosiglitazone and was linked to 304 deaths during the third quarter of 2009. “Rosiglitazone should be removed from the market,” one report, by Dr. David Graham and Dr. Kate Gelperin of the Food and Drug Administration, concludes. Both authors recommended that Avandia be withdrawn.”
Metformin-Induced Vitamin B12 Deficiency Presenting as a Peripheral Neuropathy. (Med J. 2010) “Chronic metformin use results in vitamin B12 deficiency in 30% of patients.”
Is Metformin Associated With Lactic Acidosis?
Drugs
Daily aspirin not recommended for diabetics younger than 50“The American College of Cardiology Foundation, American Diabetes Assn. and American Heart Assn. recommend that physicians prescribe low-dose aspirin therapy (75 mg/day to 162 mg/day) to diabetic men older than 50 and diabetic women older than 60 who are at increased risk for cardiovascular disease. Risk factors include a family history of the disease, smoking, hypertension, albuminuria and dyslipidemia.”
Exercise
Experts: Exercise Crucial for Patients With Type 2 Diabetes “New guidelines jointly issued by the American College of Sports Medicine and the American Diabetes Association call for people with type 2 diabetes to get at least 150 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous aerobic exercise over the course of at least three days during the week, and not to skip more than two days of exercising. Strength training, using weights to develop muscle mass, is also important in diabetes management. Resistance training should be part of a diabetes patient’s exercise regimen, according to the new guidelines, which are published in the December issue of Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. Exercise is critical to reducing the risk of diabetes, as well as helping people with diabetes improve insulin and blood sugar production. Exercise may also improve a diabetes patient’s lipid profile, such as lowering the levels of cholesterol and other fats in the blood, and also lead to losing weight. The authors of the guidelines note that sustained intensity and duration of aerobic activity is important and may likely achieve biological effects that cannot be achieved from mild physical activity alone.”
Exercise Variety Found Better for Diabetics
Diabetes requires aerobic plus weight exercise, experts say
General Information
Effect of intensive treatment of hyperglycaemia on microvascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes: an analysis of the ACCORD randomised trial (The Lancet 2010) “Microvascular benefits of intensive therapy should be weighed against the increase in total and cardiovascular disease-related mortality, increased weight gain, and high risk for severe hypoglycaemia.”
New Statement Urges Caution for Primary-Prevention Aspirin in Diabetics
UF researcher urges caution in reducing blood pressure in patients with diabetes, coronary disease
Guidelines
New Guidelines for Exercise in Type 2 Diabetes “The panel specifically recommends that such moderate exercise correspond to approximately 40% to 60% of maximal aerobic capacity and states that for most people with type 2 diabetes, brisk walking is a moderate-intensity exercise. The expert panel also recommends that resistance training be part of the exercise regimen. This should be done at least twice a week — ideally 3 times a week — on nonconsecutive days. The panel also recommends that people just beginning to do weight training be supervised by a qualified exercise trainer "to ensure optimal benefits to blood glucose control, blood pressure, lipids, and cardiovascular risk and to minimize injury risk." Regular use of a pedometer is also encouraged. In a meta-analysis of 8 randomized controlled trials and 18 observational studies, people who used pedometers increased their physical activity by 27% over baseline. Having a goal, such as taking 10,000 steps per day, was an important predictor of increased physical activity, according to the expert panel. Finally, the new guidelines emphasise that exercise must be done regularly to have continued benefits and should include regular training of varying types.”
NGC - Diagnosis and management of type 2 diabetes mellitus in adults. (2009)
Immunotherapy
Internet Sites
Treatment Information
Drug-Food-Supplement Information
DrugDigest (drug interactions)
FDA - Drug Interactions: What You Should Know
NIH - Botanical Dietary Supplements: Background Information
NIH - Drug, Supplements, and Herbal Information
NIH - Herbal Supplements: Consider Safety, Too
NIH - Vitamin and Mineral Supplement Fact Sheets
Nutrition
Diabetes diet: Create your healthy-eating plan
Almond consumption improved glycemic control and lipid profiles in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. (Metabolism. 2010)
Fish oils for cardiovascular disease: Impact on diabetes. (Maturitas. 2010)
Diabetics: Eat Bran to Live Longer
Walnuts Shown to Improve Endothelial Function in Diabetics
Other
Other Treatments
Experimental
Radiotherapy
Supplements-Vitamins-CAM
Effects of n-3 fatty acids on macro- and microvascular function in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus. (Am J Clin Nutr. 2010)
Surgery
Transplantation
Go to the top