Multiple Sclerosis

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Multiple Sclerosis

NIH - Medical Encyclopedia Multiple Sclerosis

"Multiple sclerosis (MS) usually affects woman more than men. The disorder most commonly begins between ages 20 and 40, but can strike at any age. The exact cause is not known, but MS is believed to result from damage to the myelin sheath, the protective material which surrounds nerve cells. It is a progressive disease, meaning the damage gets worse over time. Inflammation destroys the myelin, leaving multiple areas of scar tissue (sclerosis). The inflammation occurs when the body's own immune cells attack the nervous system. The inflammation causes nerve impulses to slow down or become blocked, leading to the symptoms of MS. Repeated episodes, or flare ups, of inflammation can occur along any area of the brain and spinal cord."

Highlighted Article

The role of MRI in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. (Adv Neurol. 2006)

"There is no single test that is diagnostic of MS, including MRI. The lesions detected with MRI are pathologically nonspecific. The principles of MS diagnosis are based on showing dissemination of white matter lesions in space and time. … The first important role for MRI in the diagnosis of MS allows for an early diagnosis of MS … The second important role for MRI in the diagnostic work-up of suspected MS patients is to rule out alternative diagnoses obvious on MRI, such as spinal stenosis and most brain tumors. Characteristic lesions that favor MS include Dawson Fingers, ovoid lesions, corpus callosum lesions, and asymptomatic spinal cord lesions. However, other white matter diseases can have similar appearances on MRI. … MRI evidence plays a supportive role in what is ultimately a clinical diagnosis of MS, in the appropriate clinical situation, and always at the exclusion of alternative diagnoses."

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Multiple Sclerosis

General Information

NEWS:

Blacks With MS Have More Severe Symptoms, Decline Faster Than Whites, New Study Shows

Brain Changes in MS May Spur Depression “Brain atrophy may be a major reason why the lifetime risk of depression in multiple sclerosis patients is as high as 50 percent, new research suggests. This atrophy, marked by a shrinkage of brain mass, occurs in the hippocampus, a part of the brain involved in a number of functions, including mood and memory.”

Low Vitamin D Levels Associated With Greater Risk of Relapse in Childhood-Onset Multiple Sclerosis

Multiple Sclerosis Changes With the Seasons

ARTICLES:

Multiple Sclerosis: Understanding the Differences in MS

Slideshow: A Visual Guide to Multiple Sclerosis

JOURNAL ARTICLES:

Absence of Epstein-Barr virus in the brain and CSF of patients with multiple sclerosis (Neurology 2010)

Comorbidities amongst patients with multiple sclerosis: a population-based controlled study. (Eur J Neurol. 2010)

Early cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis predicts disability outcome several years later (Multiple Sclerosis 2010)

Epstein-Barr Virus Infection and Multiple Sclerosis: A Review. (J Neuroimmune Pharmacol. 2010)

Epstein–Barr Virus Infection is Not a Characteristic Feature of Multiple Sclerosis Brain (Brain. 2009)

No Effect of Parental Age on Risk of Multiple Sclerosis: A Population-Bas ed Study. (Neuroepidemiology. 2009)

Relationship of Cortical Atrophy to Fatigue in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis (Arch Neurol. 2010) “Conclusions Cortical atrophy of the parietal lobe had the strongest relationship with fatigue. Given the implications of the posterior parietal cortex in motor planning and integration of information from different sources, our preliminary results suggest that dysfunctions in higher-order aspects of motor control may have a role in determining fatigue in MS.”

Seasonal prevalence of MS disease activity (NEUROLOGY 2010) “Results: Unlike contrast enhancement or attacks, new T2 activity revealed a likelihood 2–3 times higher in March–August than during the rest of the year, and correlated strongly with regional climate data, in particular solar radiation. In addition to the likelihood or prevalence, disease intensity was also elevated during the summer season. The elevated risk season appears to lessen for progressive MS and occur about 2 months earlier.”

Sun Exposure, Vitamin D and Age at Disease Onset in Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis (Neuroepidemiology 2010)

Vitamin D status is associated with relapse rate in pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis (Annals of Neurology 2010)

Walking while talking—Difficulties incurred during the initial stages of multiple sclerosis disease process (Gait & Posture 2010)

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