Overweight - Obesity
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Overweight - Obesity
NIH - Medical Encyclopedia Obesity
"Obesity is also defined as a BMI (body mass index) over 30 kg/m2. Patients with a BMI between 25 and 29.9 are considered overweight, but not obese. … Obesity increases a person's risk of illness and death due to diabetes, stroke, coronary artery disease, hypertension, high cholesterol, and kidney and gallbladder disorders. Obesity may increase the risk for some types of cancer. It is also a risk factor for the development of osteoarthritis and sleep apnea. Genetic factors play some part in the development of obesity -- children of obese parents are 10 times more likely to be obese than children with parents of normal weight."
Highlighted Article[Lifestyle intervention in the treatment of severe obesity.] (Ugeskr Laeger. 2006)
"CONCLUSION: After 15 weeks of intensive lifestyle intervention, there were significant improvements in aerobic fitness and metabolic risk parameters, and the observed weight loss was equivalent to that obtained by surgical treatment. Decisive in the choice of obesity treatment will continue to be the extent of success in permanent weight loss."
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Overweight - Obesity
General Information
NEWS:
America's Most Obese Metropolitan Areas
Male Obesity Linked to Low Testosterone Levels, Study Shows
More Than A Third Of The U.S. Population Carry Obesity Gene Which Can Lead To Brain Tissue Loss
Researchers link inflammation to illness in overweight people “Normally, inflammation is healthy, a part of the body's fight against infections. But when it happens in response to obesity, it can contribute to numerous ills, such as fatty liver disease, type 2 diabetes and atherosclerosis, says Anthony Ferrante, a medical professor at Columbia whose research focuses on obesity's affects. The inflammation appears to happen because macrophages, white blood cells that attack and eat infection, congregate in fat tissue. Why is a mystery. "Are the fat cells getting big, bursting and then the macrophages are going in to clean up the mess? Or is it that the macrophages are killing the fat cells?" asks Carey Lumeng, a pediatrician who studies obesity and inflammation at the University of Michigan-Ann Arbor. A few years ago, Ferrante's lab discovered that in lean people, only 5% of fat tissue is made up of macrophages, while in the severely obese it can be more than 50%. And why do they cause an immune response? One hypothesis is that higher concentrations of fat could trigger macrophages to go into inflammatory mode.”
Obesity Rate Swells in 28 States
The Remarkable Effects Of Fat Loss On The Immune System
Understanding the Relationship Between Bacteria and Obesity
ARTICLES:
Does Nighttime Noshing Make You Fat?
The truth about the hormone leptin and obesity. “Leptin is a protein that's made in the fat cells, circulates in the bloodstream, and goes to the brain. "Leptin is the way your fat cells tell your brain that your energy thermostat is set right," Lustig says. "Leptin tells your brain that you have enough energy stored in your fat cells to engage in normal, relatively expensive metabolic processes," he says. "In other words, when leptin levels are at a certain threshold -- for each person, it's probably genetically set -- when your leptin level is above that threshold, your brain senses that you have energy sufficiency, which means you can burn energy at a normal rate, eat food at a normal amount, engage in exercise at a normal rate, and you can engage in expensive processes, like puberty and pregnancy". But when people diet, they eat less and their fat cells lose some fat, which then decreases the amount of leptin produced. "Let's say you starve, let's say you have decreased energy intake, let's say you lose weight," Lustig says. "Now your leptin level goes below your personal leptin threshold. When it does that, your brain senses starvation. That can occur at any leptin level, depending on what your leptin threshold is." "Your brain senses that and says, ‘Hey, I don't have the energy onboard that I used to. I am now in a starvation state,'" Lustig says. Then several processes begin within the body to drive leptin levels back up. One includes stimulation of the vagus nerve, which runs between the brain and the abdomen. "The vagus nerve is your energy storage nerve," Lustig says. "Now the vagus nerve is turned on, so you get hungrier. Every single thing the vagus nerve does…[is] designed to make you take up extra energy and store it in your fat. Why? To generate more leptin so that your leptin can re-establish its personal leptin threshold... It causes you to eat and it causes you to get your leptin back to where it belongs." “
JOURNAL ARTICLES:
Obesity and the four facets of impulsivity. (Patient Educ Couns. 2010)
Prevalence of obesity and overweight among adults in Iran (Obesity Reviews 2010)
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