One-Hour Plasma Glucose Concentration and the Metabolic Syndrome Identify Subjects at High Risk for Future Type 2 Diabetes (Diabetes Care 2008)

Associations between Sleep Loss and Increased Risk of Obesity and Diabetes. (Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2008)

Diabetes Increases Risk Of Tuberculosis, Studies Show

Diabetic foot infection. (American Family Physician 2008) “Foot infections are common in patients with diabetes and are associated with high morbidity and risk of lower extremity amputation. Diabetic foot infections are classified as mild, moderate, or severe. Gram-positive bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus and beta-hemolytic streptococci, are the most common pathogens in previously untreated mild and moderate infection. Severe, chronic, or previously treated infections are often polymicrobial. The diagnosis of diabetic foot infection is based on the clinical signs and symptoms of local inflammation. Infected wounds should be cultured after debridement. … The risk of methicillin-resistant S. aureus infection should be considered when choosing a regimen. Antibiotic treatment should last from one to four weeks for soft tissue infection and six to 12 weeks for osteomyelitis and should be followed by culture-guided definitive therapy.”

Fatty Foods and Memory Decline “The researchers believe fatty foods may lead to a mental decline because they can induce oxidative stress, a key factor in Alzheimer’s disease and other memory problems. The vitamins may be helping to counteract those effects because of their antioxidant properties.”

Muscle performance and ankle joint mobility in long-term patients with diabetes (BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2008) “The investigation revealed ankle functional impairments in patients with diabetes, with or without neuropathy, thus suggesting that other mechanisms besides neuropathy might contribute to alter foot-ankle biomechanics. Such impairments may then play a role in the development of abnormal gait and in the onset of plantar ulcers.”

Pre-diabetes must be treated, doctors urge “The guidelines recommend that people with metabolic syndrome -- defined by three or more of the following: elevated triglycerides, a low HDL (the so-called good cholesterol), a high fasting glucose, a big waist circumference and high blood pressure -- be considered at high risk for pre-diabetes, as well as women with prior gestational diabetes, people with a family history of type 2 diabetes and obese patients. "These people should all have their glucose tested," Einhorn says. The new guidelines also advise that primary-care physicians and specialists address cardiovascular problems such as blood pressure and lipid levels when diagnosing pre-diabetes. “

Small-fibre involvement in diabetic patients with neuropathic foot pain (Diabetic Medicine 2008) “Although the exact mechanism of neuropathic pain in diabetic patients is not known, pain is almost invariably accompanied by small-fibre dysfunction and pathology irrespective of autonomic or large-fibre involvement.”

Vitamins block post-meal grogginess in diabetics “Fatty meals may cloud the brains of people with type 2 diabetes, but antioxidant vitamins can help clear the fog, Canadian researchers demonstrated in a study they conducted. The findings suggest, the researchers say, that memory impairment after heavy meals in type 2 diabetics is related to oxidative damage. … 1000 milligrams of vitamin C and 800 international units of vitamin E.”

Environmental contaminants as risk factors for developing diabetes. (Rev Environ Health. 2008)

Increased Risk of Diabetes and Polychlorinated Biphenyls and Dioxins ( Diabetes Care 2008)

Sugar-Sweetened Beverages and Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in African American Women (Arch Intern Med. 2008) “Conclusions Regular consumption of sugar-sweetened soft drinks and fruit drinks is associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in African American women. While there has been increasing public awareness of the adverse health effects of soft drinks, little attention has been given to fruit drinks, which are often marketed as a healthier alternative to soft drinks.”

Diet Key to Diabetes Risk “"We have found that eating greater amounts of fruits and vegetables is associated with lower risk of future type 2 diabetes," Forouhi said. For people with the highest blood level of vitamin C, the risk of developing diabetes over 12 years was reduced by 62 percent, compared with those with the lowest levels of vitamin C, Forouhi said. "We also found an association of eating fruit and vegetables with lower risk of diabetes, with a 22 percent reduction of risk of future diabetes in the highest compared to lowest intake of fruits and vegetables," she said. Eating even a small quantity of fruit and vegetables is good for you, Forouhi said. "Eating some fruits and vegetables is still better than none. In addition, the association of fruits and vegetables with reduced diabetes risk gets stronger progressively with the amount of fruits and vegetables eaten -- the more that you eat, the greater the potential benefit," she said.”

Glycemic index and glycemic load in relation to food and nutrient intake and metabolic risk factors in a Dutch population. (Am J Clin Nutr. 2008 ) “CONCLUSIONS: In this population, a low-GI diet, which is high in dairy and fruit but low in potatoes and cereals, is associated with improved insulin sensitivity and lipid metabolism and reduced chronic inflammation. GL is highly correlated with carbohydrate intake and is not clearly associated with the investigated metabolic risk factors.”

Intake of Fruit, Vegetables, and Fruit Juices and Risk of Diabetes in Women (Diabetes Care 2008) “CONCLUSIONS—Consumption of green leafy vegetables and fruit was associated with a lower hazard of diabetes, whereas consumption of fruit juices may be associated with an increased hazard among women.”

Low-Risk Food Pattern May Reduce Risk for Diabetes “The "Whole Grains & Fruit" food pattern is associated with a lower risk for type 2 diabetes, whereas the "Beans, Tomatoes & Refined Grains" pattern is associated with a higher risk for type 2 diabetes. • Low-risk patterns of food for type 2 diabetes include high intake of grains; low-fat dairy; coffee; nuts/seeds; fruits and vegetables; and low intake of processed meats, white potatoes, and soda. “

Plasma Vitamin C Level, Fruit and Vegetable Consumption, and the Risk of New-Onset Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (Arch Intern Med. 2008) “Conclusions Higher plasma vitamin C level and, to a lesser degree, fruit and vegetable intake were associated with a substantially decreased risk of diabetes. Our findings highlight a potentially important public health message on the benefits of a diet rich in fruit and vegetables for the prevention of diabetes.”

Reducing diabetes risk in American Indian women. (Am J Prev Med. 2008 ) “RESULTS: Mean vegetable and fruit intake increased significantly more in the intervention group than in the control group over time (group by visit interaction, p=0.02 and p=0.002, respectively). Both groups had significant increases in percent body fat and decreases in waist circumference, insulin sensitivity, blood cholesterol, LDL, television viewing, and total intakes of energy, saturated fat, sugar, and sweetened beverages.”

Vegetable but not fruit consumption reduces the risk of type 2 diabetes in Chinese women. (J Nutr. 2008 ) “Fruit intake was not associated with the incidence of diabetes in this population. Our data suggest that vegetable consumption may protect against the development of T2D.”

Vitamin C Intake Linked to Lower Risk for Type 2 Diabetes